Building a house is a rather complicated procedure. However, in the case of the erection of a building made of timber, you can perform all the steps of this process yourself. To do this, you need to consider the rules, instructions for the construction. Subject to all norms and recommendations, you can build a strong, durable object.
How to build a house out of timber, should be considered before starting work. This will allow you to complete all the actions correctly.
General characteristics of construction technology
The construction of a house from a bar (the photo is presented below) is carried out using special technology. Features of the wood from which the building is being built allow you to complete the entire procedure yourself. This does not require the use of special equipment. You can also cope with the work together with a small number of assistants (up to 4 people).
A variety of structures can be built from timber. This may be a small summer house, which is operated in the summer, or a large cottage in which people constantly live. From a bar you can build a building no higher than 3 floors. At the same time, experts recommend choosing building designs that do not differ in complex construction. Otherwise, creating a house will be difficult. You can make mistakes.
A beam is a more preferable building material than a beam, with independent construction. It has a rectangular shape. Therefore, the walls will be perfectly flat. Finishing will be easier. The bars are tightly adjacent to each other, which avoids the appearance of cold bridges.
Building a house from a wooden beam allows you to add additional structural elements to the project. It can be a veranda or a terrace. You can also provide a balcony. They harmoniously fit into the overall style of construction.
A house made of timber can look very modern and stylish. You can also create an ethnic-style hut from this material. The choice of the project depends on the taste preferences of the owners of the house. It is easier to build one-story cottages on your own. This will significantly reduce the period of work.
Carrying out construction work can be at any time of the year. However, in the summer, this will be more appropriate. There are certain requirements for the selection and use of natural material, which is wood.
Material Features
For the construction of a house from a bar with your own hands, different types of materials are used. Wood in this case can be of different species. Timber for construction can be glued, ordinary or profiled. The choice depends on the features of the project, as well as the construction budget. The materials presented differ in cost.
Glued beam is a material assembled from boards. From these elements, building material of a certain profile is created. This is a relatively inexpensive type of timber, which is often used today in the construction of houses.
It should be said that the length of any kind of timber is significantly greater than the size of its cross section. They differ in certain standardized dimensions.
An ordinary beam is a calibrated log. Its cross section may be square or rectangular. From such material to build a house is quite simple. Also, such buildings are easy to insulate.
The most modern and expensive material is profiled timber. Its surface is polished. It resembles the surface of the lining. Such a bar allows you to build the most durable buildings. In this case, foci of rot will not form between the structural elements. Moisture cannot penetrate between tightly fitting bars.
One of the important stages of construction is the creation of a project for building a house from a bar. This will determine how much materials are needed to build the house.
Design
Before proceeding with the construction of the building, you need to correctly create a plan for building a house from a bar. This work is best left to professionals. An untrained person can make a lot of mistakes in the calculations. This will not allow the safe operation of the building.
To have an idea of how a house project is made, you should consider this procedure overview. First, the specialist leaves for the site where it is planned to build a cottage or a summer cottage. Further, he determines the geodetic features of the area. In some cases, you need to evaluate how close groundwater is to the surface. The degree of unevenness of the relief is also estimated.
Next, it is determined which communications are connected to the site and whether there is an opportunity and need to equip, for example, a gas pipeline, a centralized water supply, etc. After that, a house project is developed. The construction can be one-story or consist of two floors. Low cottages are often built from timber.
In some projects, an attic is provided instead of the second floor. The size of window, doorways is determined. Also, additional extensions (bathhouse, garage, cellar) can be added to the plan. You can provide a spacious terrace or a covered veranda.
The correct calculation of building a house from a bar will allow you to create a solid building. At the same time, the specialist will calculate the weight of such a building, give recommendations on the choice of the type of foundation, materials for decoration, etc. This will create a strong, durable structure.
Foundation
Having created a construction plan, you can accurately determine how much timber you need to build a house. Then you can make a purchase in accordance with the needs of the project. When all building materials, communications and other materials are purchased, you can begin to build a house.
First, the foundation is created. It should be said that the weight of the structure will be quite large. Therefore, it is important to create a solid foundation. There are several types of home essentials. If the project provides for the arrangement of a basement, a cellar, a strip foundation should be created.
Before embarking on the construction, they conduct exploration work. If the soil is silty, groundwater is close to the surface, the foundation must be pile type. Piles are screwed into the soil to a great depth. This will maintain the stability of the building. This version of the foundation is suitable for soil that freezes to great depths.
For small structures (for example, a small country house), you can stop the choice on a tiled foundation. In this case, its surface will be the basis for the arrangement of the floor.
Building a house from a wooden beam requires the creation of an appropriate foundation. Tape varieties of it will be the best option for large-sized structures. It is quite possible to create without the use of special equipment. This is the most common type of foundation in private construction.
Foundation preparation
Considering the stages of building a house of timber, special attention should be paid to the construction of the foundation. The safety and durability of the future building depend on its quality. In accordance with the plan drawn up earlier, marking should be applied to the site. Both external walls and internal partitions, which will be load-bearing, are noted.
On the created markup, they dig trenches. Their width should be 100 mm larger than the walls of the house. Trenches should have a depth of at least 60 cm. If the level of soil freezing is even greater, they will need to be deepened further. If the house has a basement, you will need to dig a pit. For the cellar, it will be enough to dig a hole in the appropriate place.
At the bottom of the excavated recesses, you need to create a sand cushion. A layer of gravel is poured on it. Each of these layers must have a thickness of at least 100 mm. Sand and gravel are carefully leveled. Also, the lower layer will need to be moistened and tamped. Next, you need to apply a concrete mixture. In specialized stores you can buy ready-made compounds. They are simply diluted with water to the desired consistency. The concrete layer must be at least 5 cm.
Building a house from a profiled beam or its other varieties involves creating a formwork before pouring concrete when arranging the foundation. To do this, you need to prepare boards about 2.5 cm thick. Shields are knocked out of this material. They should rise above the level of the trench by 40 cm. Special struts will allow the structure to not move.
The foundation must be reinforced with metal rods. Their cross section should be at least 10 mm. They are placed along and across in accordance with the configuration of the trenches. The rods in the places of turns and intersections are fixed with a knitting wire.
Reinforcement and formwork must not be in contact. Between them leave a gap of at least 5 cm.
Foundation pouring
The technology of building a house from a bar involves the implementation of the correct procedure for pouring the foundation. After the preparatory work, you need to mix concrete. Its wisdom should not be lower than M400. Mix cement with water in the proportion indicated by the manufacturer on the package.
Specialists recommend purchasing special dry mixes. Unlike self-prepared solutions, such materials have special components in their composition. They increase concrete performance. It becomes not subject to temperature changes, is poured without the formation of voids, etc.
To mix the cement mixture, you need to use a concrete mixer. When the desired consistency of the solution is obtained, it is poured into the prepared formwork using a pump. Air bubbles should not appear in concrete. For this, it is recommended to purchase special equipment. It by vibration will make the layer homogeneous.
In the process of building a house from glued beams or other varieties of this material, it is important to pay great attention to creating the foundation. The cement mixture dries for about a month. In this case, the surface of the concrete must be moistened periodically. This will prevent cracking. The frequency of this process depends on the season and ambient temperature. Only with proper drying will concrete gain the required strength.
Wall and roof construction
Building a house from glued beams, as well as profiled or its usual variety, requires different labor costs. This is due to the features of its processing. If a solid wood beam is used, it will be necessary to saw it off from all sides. After that, you get material with smooth surfaces.
Profiled timber does not need to be sized. It has grooves in its design. With their help, fastening is performed. The beam should have normal humidity. Otherwise, it will crack upon drying. Glued varieties are practically not subject to shrinkage.
Processing a house from a bar after construction does not require much effort. The material is distinguished by the natural beauty of the texture. Therefore, additional puttying is not required.
When the walls are created, you can proceed with the installation of the roof. To do this, install the rafter system. Waterproofing and thermal insulation are laid on it. The top layer is made of special roofing materials.
The roof must have a certain level of slope, which corresponds to the climatic conditions of the area. Depending on this indicator, finishing materials are also chosen. It can be ondulin, corrugated board, metal tile, slate, etc.
Windows, floor, doorways
Do-it-yourself construction of a house from a beam allows you to create window and doorways as the property owner wants. This must be discussed with the designer. You can select the type of door. They can be sliding, arched, ordinary. Windows can be panoramic or ordinary.
Equipping the floor and ceiling, it is necessary to mount a layer of waterproofing. This material is laid on the base before it is poured. To do this, they get rolled, penetrating, coating or filling waterproofing. The choice depends on the features of the operation of the building.
You also need to remember to waterproof in the basement, on the basement. Next, you can proceed to finish the floor. The aesthetic qualities of the room depend on the choice of materials. The floor should be combined with the overall interior. Therefore, it must be thought out in advance.
The floor can be finished with wooden boards (parquet, parquet board), cork panels, laminate, tiles. You can also cover the concrete base with carpet or linoleum. Each of the listed materials is distinguished by cost and aesthetic characteristics.
According to expert reviews, in a wooden house, flooring from boards or laminate looks best. For modern interior styles, you can choose other types of materials.
Home decoration
Building a house from a beam of profiled type does not require additional decoration. It is a beautiful, durable and reliable material. If a simple beam is used in the construction of the building, after installing windows and doors, attention should be paid to subsequent finishing.
Wooden bars can sit over time. This process is less noticeable when using glued variety. But if simple bars were used during construction, you need to wait until the wood is completely dry.
Finishing can be done both outside and inside the building. If a simple beam was used, you need to caulk the cracks. This will reduce heat loss at home. Over time, it may be necessary to equip the insulation layer. To do this, it is recommended to use mineral wool. Warming can be done from the inside of the room. However, in this case, you need to take into account many nuances. Outside, it is more advisable to carry out insulation.
The wood inside the house will not need to be primed, painted, glued to the walls of the wallpaper. This is a beautiful natural material, the merits of which simply need to be emphasized. For this, the correct toning of the beam is carried out.
Bleached wood will harmoniously look in a rural interior. If the decor is chosen in the style of Provence, you can prefer pastel colors. The ceiling should also be properly finished. You can select a tone for the beams. It will also emphasize the indescribable atmosphere inside the wooden house.
Completion of construction
The construction of a house from a bar ends with the arrangement of life support systems. First of all, you need to think about the type of sewage and water supply. This system can be centralized or autonomous. The second option should be chosen if sewer and water pipes are not connected to the site.
To create a water source, you will need to dig a well. This work is best entrusted to specialized organizations. Sewerage may be a septic tank. Today there are many varieties of such systems. The choice of the type of septic tank depends on the number of people living in the house, as well as the construction budget.
After creating a sewer and water supply to the house, you need to bring electricity. An energy supplier for the home will need to enter into an agreement. After that, a cable is brought from the nearest pillar of the power line to the house. It can be laid in the ground or stretched through the air.
If you plan to live in the house in the winter, you need to think through a heating system. The choice depends on the characteristics of the supply and the cost of energy available for the area. You can arrange convectors in the premises or make a warm floor system.
Heating can be arranged from the boiler. You can also create a stove type of space heating. Energy resources that will warm the house in winter can be solid, liquid fuel, gas, electricity.
Also in the house you need to consider a quality ventilation system. It is developed by the designer at the construction planning stage.
Having considered how to build a house out of timber, you can do all the work yourself.