Frame houses at the moment are simply very popular with owners of suburban areas. At low cost, they are distinguished by a mass of undeniable advantages. One of the advantages of such structures is the ease of construction. This is actually quite simple - frame construction. The technology of building houses of this type will be discussed in this article.
Types of frame houses
There are only two main varieties of such houses. Most often they are built according to Finnish technology. This technique has been known to mankind since the Middle Ages. Finnish houses are built on a wooden frame and insulated with mineral wool. Recently, another technology for the construction of frame buildings - Canadian - is gaining more and more popularity. In this case, SIP panels are used.
How to make a project
Frame construction, the technology of which will be described below, like any other, begins with the preparation of the project. First of all, you will need to determine the area of the house and its layout. It is also important to choose the right place for construction. At least 3 m of free space should remain from the building to the neighbor’s fence, at least 5 m to the red line of the street.
You will also need to choose the right angle of inclination of the roof slope. It is determined taking into account the roofing material used, as well as wind and snow loads in this particular region.
The project includes:
- site plan with the location of the future home marked on it and an indication of the way of communications;
- frontal and profile projections of the building itself;
- house plan;
- sketch or 3D model;
- a table showing all the necessary materials.
Foundation
Frame construction (do-it-yourself or professional technology), like any other, begins with the construction of a solid foundation. Under such houses, tape or pile-grillage foundations are usually installed . Pouring is made from concrete mix (cement-sand-crushed stone in a ratio of 1: 3: 5). The work includes the following steps:
- The marking is made according to the "Egyptian triangle" method.
- Dig a trench or pit under the pillars.
- Sand is poured at the bottom with a layer of 20-25 cm.
- The footing is poured with a layer of about 5 cm.
- Formwork is installed. For a strip foundation, it can be made of wood, for a column foundation - of roofing material.
- The reinforcing cage is connected and installed. Collect it from a rod with a thickness of 12 mm.
- A trench or pit is poured with concrete. The surface of the mortar mixture must be carefully leveled.
Reinforced bolts are poured from above. They will be needed to secure the lower harness.
Beginning of building frame assembly
The construction of the walls begins with the installation of the lower harness. Make it from a bar 100 x 100 or 150 x 150 mm. Then mounted on anchor bolts. In the corners of the bars are connected by the method of "half-tree". The foundation before installation must be carefully checked with a level for horizontalness. It is waterproofed with two layers of roofing material, sticking to bitumen mastic. At the final stage, lags are fastened to the harness under the floors.
Rack Mounting
Finnish frame construction technology is actually a very simple method. After the lower harness is fixed, they begin, in fact, to the construction of walls. The first are the corner posts. You can fix them to the foundation with galvanized steel corners. Next, put the intermediate racks. After they are mounted, proceed with the installation of the upper harness. It is also mounted on galvanized corners. To the strapping, you will need to fix the floor beams.
Rafter system assembly
After the frame of the walls is erected, proceed with the installation of the roof. Previously, in the center of the floor beams, racks are installed. Then they are connected by a ridge run. Then the rafters are cut. Having connected them in pairs, they raise it to the roof and install it, fixing it over the run. To the upper harness, the legs are fixed with nails or corners.
Pie Walls
Frame construction (technology of walling) involves the use of only high-quality modern insulation. It can be basalt cotton wool or expanded polystyrene. The skin of the frame is started after the assembly of the rafter system. First, a vapor barrier film is pulled onto the racks from inside the building. Next, mount sheets of plywood or OSB. Then, between the racks outside, they install mineral wool slabs outside. In the next step, a waterproofing film is mounted on top of the insulation . They also fasten it on small cubes. Further, the walls are sheathed with siding or lining.
Roof sheathing
Installation of the roof begins with fixing the waterproofing on the rafters. The film is fixed horizontally with a slight sag. Then they fill the crate, and the roofing material itself is mounted on it.
Frame construction: technology from Canada
When assembling buildings using Canadian technology, the foundation and roof are constructed in exactly the same way. After pouring the foundation, lags are placed on it, and already on them - SIP-floor panels. They are fixed on self-tapping screws, and the gaps between them are foamed.
Further, the finished timber is already fastened to the finished floors. To do this, a hole is drilled through it and panels in the foundation. Mounting is carried out on anchor bolts. The first panel is mounted from the corner of the house. It is aligned in level and attached to the strapping beam with self-tapping screws (along the protrusion of the OSB plate). Further along the corner - at right angles to the first - install the second panel. Then, in the same way, the remaining parts of the walls are collected. The ends of the panels before installation are foamed. They are connected to each other with self-tapping screws (220 mm). Above the ends of the panels are closed with strapping boards.
Frame-monolithic construction technology
Houses on several floors can be built in a slightly different way. In this case, in the same way as when erecting buildings using Finnish technology, the frame is first assembled, and the cladding is used as formwork for pouring concrete or foam concrete. The cladding of such houses is usually a ventilated facade. At the same time, siding or lining is most often used as a finishing finish.
As you can see, the Canadian technology for the construction of frame houses, whether Finnish or monolithic, is not particularly difficult. If you want to build such a building, it will not be too difficult.