Modern countries are complex political and legal structures or organizations. Moreover, the latter term is more appropriate, because the activity and the fact of the existence of a state are based directly on society. That is, it is society, or rather the form of its self-organization, that is the source of the emergence of any country. But in its final form, the state is a rather cumbersome structure, which simply needs a special regulatory mechanism. These are today the authorities. These formations are endowed with special powers in a particular sphere of life of the country's population. At the same time, all government departments are part of a single system that is built on its own principles, has a special method of influence, is characterized by various features, etc.
In each country, the organ system is endowed with its own characteristics. If we talk about the Russian Federation, the formation of the executive branch of government is of great importance on its territory . Through such bodies, the state implements its most important functions. In addition, there are a number of other unique aspects that characterize the executive authorities of the Russian Federation.
Division of Management
Consideration of the system of government and the executive sector itself should begin with an analysis of the principle of separation of management spheres. This concept is doctrinal. That is, the principle of separation of powers, which today is used as the basis for building state power in any country, was derived through scientific reflection. It should be noted that the provision presented appeared during the New Time period. The impetus for the development of the principle of separation of powers was the fact of loss of effectiveness of the monarchist system. The bottom line is that a single ruler at that stage could not satisfy all the needs of the state’s population.
Therefore, thinkers such as Charles Louis de Montesquieu and John Locke developed the principle of the separation of powers in the state, according to which, all management was not formed in the hands of one person, but was divided between the legislative, judicial and executive bodies. In most modern countries, this is the structure of official governance. Russia in this case is no exception.
Executive Branch: Concept
So, given the above information about the division of government between different branches, we can distinguish the main aspects of the executive branch. This sector of the country is one of the types of public independent management. It represents a whole system of certain powers in the sphere of managing the affairs of the state and the implementation of its basic functions.
If we talk about this category in the context of the Russian Federation, then it is endowed with certain specific aspects. That is, the executive branch in Russia is a form of direct implementation of the Constitution, laws and other normative acts.
Executive Body: Concept
Each independent sphere of government has its own departments, formations and structures that implement the powers vested in them. Thus, the executive body is an organization that implements the provisions of the law, specific political programs and, of course, the most important functions of the country. In their activities they are guided by those powers delegated to them by official legal acts.
Signs of executive bodies
There are a number of features that are inherent to organizations operating in the field of executive power. These signs largely explain their structural affiliation and specific moments of activity. Thus, all executive authorities of the Russian Federation are characterized by the following points, namely:
- are completely independent in their activities;
- directly implement public policy;
- all tasks and functions are delegated by the state through legislation;
- enter the structure of a single hierarchical system;
- possess powers of a coercive nature and a special material base.
That is, each executive body is an actual conductor of state will, which determines its exceptional importance.
Key Features
Executive government bodies have a whole range of their own tasks. This indicates the independence and breadth of activities of such organizations. To date, scientists have identified several basic functions of the executive branch:
- The adoption of regulations. This line of activity indicates that executive management bodies are subjects of rule-making. The acts issued by them do not have the highest legal force, but they create a special mechanism for the implementation of certain legislative norms.
- The function of managing the property of the state emerges from the fact that the executive bodies possess such property, which is given to them for the implementation of specific tasks.
- The function of providing public services indicates that the executive authorities carry out certain activities for the benefit of the state’s population in the areas of social protection, healthcare, education, etc.
- A key function is supervision and control. These two components allow executive authorities to coordinate the work of subordinate structures and directly to the state’s population through imperative and application of the method of coercion in the framework of the current legislation.
Types of executive bodies
Organization classification of the presented branch of power is carried out on the basis of different criteria. Moreover, there is an official division, based on the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation “On the structure of federal executive bodies”, and the doctrinal, which is created by scientists.
- Depending on the territorial jurisdiction, federal and executive bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are divided.
- If we are talking about competence, then we can distinguish departments of a general (Government, Presidential Administration), intersectoral (Ministry of Finance) and industry (Ministry of Health) focus.
- According to the official document, the authorities (or rather, their structure) consist of the Government of the Russian Federation, ministries, state committees, etc.
In this case, it should be noted that the structure of executive organizations is based on the principles of hierarchy and subordination.
Features of the government of the Russian Federation
In the Russian Federation, legislative and executive bodies are closely interconnected. This can be clearly seen if we analyze the features of the Government of Russia - the central executive organization. According to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the represented body is endowed with the following powers:
- submits to the Parliament the federal budget, and also ensures its implementation if adopted;
- provides the rule of law, protection of the rights and freedoms of citizens, the process of combating crime;
- implements the state policy in the field of health, safety, social security, science, etc.
In addition, the Government issues special regulations: orders and decrees.
As for the ministries, they are highly specialized organizations that ensure the implementation of state policy and legislation in certain areas.
Bodies of constituent entities of the Russian Federation
Special organizations of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation for the most part do not have such a centralized structure as nationwide formations. That is, their name, subordination, authority are determined by local constitutions, history and customs. Moreover, the activities of such bodies should not interfere or contradict the work of federal departments.
It should be noted that the term “executive body of self-government” is very often applied to the executive bodies of constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Such use, as we understand it, is completely inappropriate. Because local governments are municipal and do not have the authority of federal organizations. However, they operate quite effectively within the framework established by the relevant self-government bodies for the implementation of their tasks.
Conclusion
So, in the article we tried to find out what constitutes such a concept as an executive body. In conclusion, it should be noted that the existing structure of such organizations is quite effective. But this fact does not exclude the need for its modernization.