The modern culture of Russia in the 21st century requires multilateral and in-depth consideration. It is in close contact with the past centuries. Her current state of culture is directly related to her experience. Perhaps, outwardly, she somewhat denies him, to some extent even plays with him. Next, we’ll take a closer look at the current state of culture in Russia.
General information
The culture of modern Russia is part of the global. It transforms, processes and absorbs new trends. Thus, in order to trace the development of culture in modern Russia, it is necessary to pay attention to global phenomena in general.
Today's situation
Now the problems of modern culture in Russia are becoming of paramount importance. First of all, we are talking about a powerful factor in social development. Culture permeates every aspect of human life. This applies both to the fundamentals of material production and needs, and to the greatest manifestations of the human spirit. The culture of modern Russia is increasingly influencing the solution of the program goals of the social sphere. In particular, this concerns the building of a rule of law state, the disclosure of a person’s creative abilities, the strengthening and formation of civil society. The development of culture in modern Russia has an impact on many areas. This applies to the individual, the way of life of the society, the sphere of thinking, leisure, life, work and so on. There is a special institution - the Office of Culture. Depending on the status, they solve and coordinate certain issues. As for its social influence, it appears, first of all, as a necessary aspect of the activity of a public person. That is, its regulation is observed by certain rules, which are accumulated in traditions, symbolic and sign systems, new trends.
The main difficulties
Today, the development of culture in modern Russia is fraught with a number of issues. They were set by the very life of society. Currently, all guidelines are aimed at a brand new. Thus, there is a sharp turn in understanding innovative and traditional trends in social development. On the one hand, they are required in order to deeply master the cultural heritage. On the other hand, it is necessary to be able to go beyond the usual ideas that have already outlived their own. The relevant reorganization changes should also undergo the Office of Culture. It also requires overcoming a number of reactionary traditions. They were planted and developed over the centuries. These traditions were manifested in the consciousness, behavior and activities of people constantly. To adequately address these issues, an understanding of how the development of culture in modern Russia takes place is necessary.
The impact of progress
The formation of the modern world has contributed to significant changes in human consciousness. The views of people are turned to the limits of life. Self-awareness is becoming a trend. The orientation towards its historical and cultural forms has resumed. The future is seen primarily in the processes of expanding international relations. All countries should be involved in the world cultural and historical process. Significant social changes have occurred. Questions about the identity and culture of Russia come to the fore.
General Trend Information
What features of the culture of modern Russia can be seen now? There are a number of specific problems. In the foreground is innovation and traditions in the cultural space. Thanks to the stable side of the latter, translation and accumulation of human experience from a historical point of view takes place. As for traditional societies, here the assimilation of culture is carried out through the worship of samples of the past. Within the tradition, of course, slight variations can occur. In this case, they represent the basis for the functioning of culture. From the point of view of innovation, creativity is much more difficult.
Progressive and reactionary trends
Creating a culture from nowhere is not possible. The previous traditions cannot be completely discarded. The issue of attitude to cultural heritage concerns not only its preservation, but also development as a whole. In this case, we are talking about creativity. Here, the universal merges with the unique. The culture of the peoples of Russia, or rather its values, are undeniable. There is a need for their distribution. Cultural creativity is a source of innovation. It is involved in the process of general development. It reflects a wide range of opposing trends of the historical era.
Structure Features
What is culture in modern Russia now? Briefly considering its content, it can be noted that it is divided into several different areas:
- Religion.
- All forms in which the national spirit manifests.
- Art.
- Equipment.
- The science.
- Court proceedings.
- Socio-political structure.
- The nature of the army.
- Economy.
- Parenting staging.
- The nature of work, settlements, clothes.
- Writing and language.
- Customs.
- Manners.
In this case, the history of culture for understanding the level of its development is of paramount importance.
Modern realities
Now culture is embodied in the many created spiritual and material phenomena and values. This applies to new elements such as:
- Works of art (all types).
- Moral regulators and ideals.
- Religious beliefs.
- Ideological concepts.
- Scientific ideas.
- Material infrastructure.
- Nutrition.
- Means of labor.
Upon closer examination, it becomes clear that the sphere of culture is not homogeneous. The fact is that each component has common borders - both chronological and geographical. The culture of the peoples of Russia, in particular, its identity, is inseparable. She is in constant interaction. There is a dialogue between many distinctive cultures. Interaction is not only in the present tense. It also touches the past-future axis.
The main differences
The distinction between the concepts of civilization and culture took place already in the 20th century. The latter, as before, is filled with positive meaning. As for civilization, it has a neutral characteristic. In some cases, there is a direct negative "sound." Civilization is synonymous with material structure. We are talking about a fairly high level of mastery of the forces of nature. This is a powerful technological advance. He certainly contributes to the achievement of material wealth. Civilization in most cases is associated with the development of technology. This can be used to achieve a wide variety of purposes. At the same time, culture came as close as possible to spiritual progress.
Development features
The formation of a new image of culture is one of the most interesting points. As for the traditional vision of world heritage, it is primarily associated with organic and historical integrity. The new image of culture boasts many associations. This applies to ideas, on the one hand, the universal ethical paradigm, and on the other - on a cosmic scale. In addition, a new type of interaction is being formed. It is expressed in the rejection of a simplified rational scheme for solving cultural problems. Currently, understanding of other people's points of view is gaining more importance. The same can be said of the following:
- The desire to compromise.
- Ability to build dialogical relationships.
- The recognition of the validity of the existence of most truths.
- Acceptance of someone else's cultural identity.
- A critical analysis of one’s own actions.
Given the similar logic of cultural communications, it is easy to understand that the principles of action will be appropriate.
Tipping points
It will be about the beginning of the 90s. last century. The national culture of Russia is still experiencing the influence of that period. Events developed under the influence of many factors. There was an accelerated collapse of the unified culture of the USSR. Many national units were formed, for which the values of the total culture of the Soviet Union were unacceptable. This also applied to traditions. Not without a sharp contrast of various national cultures. In this regard, the tension grew. As a result, a single sociocultural space disintegrated. The system, which used to be organically connected with the previous history of the country, found itself in a new economic and political situation. Much has changed dramatically. This also applies to relations between authorities and culture. The state was no longer going to dictate its terms. Thus, the culture has lost guaranteed customers.
Ways of further development
The common core of culture has disappeared. Its further development was the subject of heated debate. The search range was very wide. This is a huge number of options - from the apology of isolationism to following the models of the West. A unified cultural idea was virtually absent. A certain part of society perceived this situation as a deep crisis. This is what Russian culture came to at the end of the 20th century. At the same time, some believe that pluralism is the natural norm of a civilized society.
Positive points
The spiritual culture of modern Russia is closely interconnected with the elimination of ideological barriers of that period. The fact is that this provided favorable opportunities for its development. However, during this process, a certain loss of national traits occurred. This was due to the economic crisis that the country was experiencing, and the difficult transition to market relations. In the mid-90s, the spiritual sphere was in a stage of acute crisis. The country's desire for market development was a priority. Thus, certain spheres of culture simply could not exist without state support. The gulf between mass and elite forms continued to deepen. The same was true for the older generation and youth environment. The uneven access to the consumption of goods, both cultural and material, has intensified dramatically. The combination of the above reasons led to the fact that the "fourth power" appeared in the country. We are talking about the media, which began to take first place in culture. As for modernity, the following elements are intertwined here in the most bizarre way:
- Anarchy and statehood.
- Demonstrative politicity and enormous deliberate politicization.
- Selfishness.
- Individualism and collegiality.
- Collectivism.
State role
The revival of culture is the most important condition for the renewal of society. This fact is quite obvious. As regards specific movements along this path, they remain the subject of fierce debate. In particular, this concerns the role of the state in this process. Will it intervene in the affairs of culture and regulate it? Or maybe she can independently find the means to survive? There are several points of view about this. Some believe that culture needs freedom. This also applies to the right to identity. Thus, the state will take upon itself the elaboration of strategic tasks for the “construction" of culture, as well as the responsibility to protect the national heritage. In addition, financial support for values is needed. Nevertheless, all these issues have not yet been resolved. This is a concrete implementation of these provisions. Many believe that the state has not yet fully realized the fact that culture should not be left to the business. It must be supported, as well as science, education. This comes to the fore in matters of maintaining the mental and moral health of the country. Domestic culture has many conflicting characteristics. Nevertheless, society cannot allow separation from its national heritage. Culture breaks up, and it is not adapted to change.
Possible options
As for the development paths, in this case there are many conflicting opinions. Some talk about the possible strengthening of political conservatism. That is, the situation can be stabilized on the basis of the identity of Russia. In addition, a special path of the country in history should be highlighted. Nevertheless, it can again lead to the nationalization of culture. In this case, we are talking about the implementation of automatic support for heritage and traditional forms of creativity. As for other ways, a foreign influence on culture is inevitable. Thus, any aesthetic innovations will be significantly hindered. What role can conditions for Russia's integration play? External influences should be taken into account. Thanks to this, the country can be turned into a "province" when compared with global centers. In domestic culture, dominance of alien tendencies is possible. Although at the same time, the life of society will become more stable. In this case, commercial self-regulation of the structure plays a large role.
Key issues
Of course, we are talking about preserving the original national culture. It is also worth noting the importance of its international influence. Cultural heritage is being introduced into society. Russia may be included in the system of universal principles. In this case, she will become an equal participant in world art processes. The state must intervene in the cultural life of the country. The presence of institutional regulation is an urgent need. Only in this way will the cultural potential be fully utilized. Public policy in relevant areas will be radically reoriented. So, within the country there will be an accelerated development of many industries. It should also be mentioned that physical education in modern Russia has emerged from the crisis and is developing at a moderate pace.
Final points
The presence of numerous and contradictory trends is characteristic of modern Russian culture. In this article, they have been partially identified. As for the current period of development of domestic culture, it is a transitional one. It is also safe to say that certain ways out of the crisis have emerged. What is the world culture of the last century as a whole? This is a very controversial and complex phenomenon. It is also greatly aggravated by the fact that the world has long been conditionally split into two camps. In particular, this refers to ideological attributes. Thus, cultural practice was enriched with new ideas and problems. Global issues have forced mankind to accept the challenge. This has affected the global culture as a whole. And not only on it. The same can be said of each national heritage individually. In this case, the dialogue of different cultures is a decisive factor. As for Russia, the development and adoption of the right strategic course is necessary here. It is worth noting that the situation in the world is constantly changing. Solving a "cultural" problem is a very difficult task. First of all, we are talking about the need for awareness of the deep contradictions that are inherent in Russian culture. And this applies to all of its historical development. Domestic culture still has potential. It is sufficient to provide answers to the challenge posed by the modern world. As for the current state of Russian culture, it is very far from ideal. There is a need for a change in thinking. Currently, it is more oriented towards maximalism. In this case, a radical revolution is needed. This is a real reorganization of everything and everything, and in the shortest possible time. The development of domestic culture, of course, will be difficult and long.