The simple design in the form of a part of the pipe allows you to solve diverse problems in the arrangement and heating of residential buildings and apartments. And it’s called bypass. What is it, consider further. The element allows you to optimize the heating wiring diagram. To understand the purpose of this part, you should study its design and installation features in more detail.
Description and mounting options
The jumper is mounted, depending on the specific goal. Bypass in the heating system is used to organize a bypass supply line of a heat exchanger or a device of a direct section connecting the main pipeline and the "return". For reference: from English the word bypass is translated as “bypass”.
Mounting options for fixtures:
- On closed or open radiators with single systems.
- Parallel to the circulation pump used in the gravity heating network (by gravity flow).
- As a jumper between direct and reverse feed, with the configuration of a small circulation circuit for heating the solid fuel channel.
- In the equipment of mixing units of various directions.
The transition to bypass is also possible in apartment buildings, where a general connection to the riser of the hot water supply is required. This line works on the principle of radiator analogues. Some users erroneously mount wiring in places that interfere with the normal water supply of the facility. We consider these features below.
Bypass: what is it?
In many Soviet-era “high-rise buildings”, heating was done using vertical single-pipe risers. They pass through all the apartments, the scheme works on the principle of distribution of the coolant between the floor batteries due to increased pressure and increased flow rate.
It is worth noting that cast-iron and steel convectors with fins differ in a significant diameter of the internal channels. When designing such systems, the participation of bypasses was not planned. The new generation of heating units provides a high rate of heat transfer and low throughput. This is what the bypass provides. What is it from the point of view of functionality, we will consider further.
Functional
To understand the design, it should be borne in mind that the radiators are connected to the main line by means of both hoses, between which the device itself is mounted. The jumper moves sideways from the riser, because otherwise the water simply will not flow into the battery, but will go up or down, depending on the direction and flow.
The optimal plan for the functioning of this scheme:
- Reaching the fork of the first heater, the liquid is divided into two equal parts, after which one stream enters the radiator, and the second stream goes to bypass.
- After cooling by a couple of degrees, the water mixes, returning to the main line. The final temperature of the carrier in this case is 0.5-1 degrees below the original indicator.
- The procedure is repeated identically in the following radiator sections. To provide heat to all consumers, it is necessary to operate suitable circulation-type pumps, which allow pumping the required volume of liquid, reducing the temperature difference between the initial and extreme batteries.
Note
The bypass device described above is most often found in low-rise private buildings. A vertical riser is able to provide several radiators. To optimize the entire structure, a cyclone pump is used.
When the line is deactivated, the entire volume of water passes through the heating mechanism, cooling by 1-3 degrees. For this reason, a minimum level of heat is sometimes reached at the highest point. Connecting a bypass in this case plays an important role. An ordinary piece of pipe allows you to distribute the coolant rationally and without much loss of useful heat.
In cottages and cottages, such a scheme is appropriate to increase the throughput of pipelines. A similar design is typical for single pipe systems. In this case, the bypass acts as the main line passing through most of the coolant. Residues fall into the radiators by gravity or directly under pressure.
Bypass in the heating system
In this case, the structure in question is a conventional jumper in the form of a pipe. Such a system makes it possible to equip a locking-controlled device that creates the flow of parallel flows bypassing the main structure. This contributes to the organization of the bypass line.
The node in the normal state of the internal heating system stably passes through the required amount of coolant. If there is a need to limit the power of the supplied stream, the shut-off element is closed, after which the fluid enters bypassing a certain part of the system.
The bypass line has a number of objective advantages, namely:
- Simplicity of service of the working block.
- Increased efficiency.
- Lower fuel costs.
- Eliminating the problem of air congestion in the system.
- The possibility of using the device in emergency situations.
For the equipment to work correctly and without failures, proper installation is required.
Features
Next, consider what is the bypass needed for in principle? There are several options for using jumpers in a heating system. Among the main features are:
- Adjustment of the supply of thermal media.
- The operation of the unit without electricity.
- Restoration of a single-pipe heating system.
The use of this mechanism in automatic or mechanical mode allows you to normalize the amount of fluid supplied.
Without a bypass, it is not possible to repair batteries when the heating system is in a stable working condition. In addition, this mechanism makes it possible to adjust the degree of filling and release of heating channels. Especially important is the installation of this node in modern modifications, which involve the operation of circulation-type pumps. In this case, the unit plays a simple role, blocking the coolant supply taps, opening on the central pipe.
Another benefit of the bypass is the ability to restore the single-pipe supply used in the heating units of old-built houses. Using the mechanism, it is possible not only to stabilize the coolant supply, but also to correct it up or down.
Benefits
The jumper in question allows you to return the spent liquid in the heating system, stopping the heating of the room with a radiator.
The main advantages of the bypass node include the following points:
- Facilitation of repair work.
- The process of filling and cleaning the battery is greatly simplified.
- There is no accumulation of air masses.
Elements are divided into automatic and mechanical options. A check valve may be present in their design, but not always. Analogs without valves are mounted anywhere in the pipe for quick access to the system. Products with a "return" are required for most components with a circulation pump.
Installing an automatic bypass has a number of features. This procedure requires the participation of a specialist, otherwise the device may not function correctly. With proper installation, automatic analogs ensure stable functioning of the heating system even in the event of interruptions in the power supply. With special care, they introduce such a unit into blocks with water, where foreign impurities may be present.
Installation in a heating unit
It is quite possible to make the installation of the part yourself, with the exception of automatic complex analogs. The installation includes several main stages that ensure the reliability and correct operation of the device.
This includes:
- Transformation of the existing line design.
- Mounting cranes.
- Implementation of tees and connecting blocks in the system.
- Installation of a backup route (bypass pipe).
First, the line design is redone by adjusting the distance between the threaded ends of the circulation pump. Next, cranes are mounted (preferably a spherical configuration).
Tees are installed identically to locking mechanisms, on both sides of the counters. Their diameter should be similar to the size of the pipes. The bypass pipe is fixed upwards in relation to the valves so that there is free access to the pump. Cranes and jumpers are mounted, a temperature regulator is used to automate the operation, avoiding overheating of the pump.
Electric application
In this area, bypass is most often used on voltage regulators. The element can be equated to a knife switch, which makes it possible to quickly and safely switch the voltage. The control of the device is carried out mechanically or electronically. The first option involves the use of toggle switches and buttons. On the machine, the entire process is independently regulated.
To understand why a bypass is needed in this case and what it is in an electrician, you need to have an idea of the main purposes of the part. These include:
- Correction of the load if it becomes higher than the power of the stabilizer.
- Operation at construction sites with high dust content.
- Installation in case of voltage shortage.
- Carrying out maintenance work.
- As a fuse to extend the life of the stabilizer.
When installing the device, a special circuit is used with the participation of a rectifier, battery and inverter. The procedure itself is quite simple, if you have basic knowledge of wiring. It is worth noting that if installed incorrectly without the participation of specialists, the user loses the right to warranty service of the device.
Operation Nuances
Those who do not understand why a bypass is needed in an electrician, what it is in principle in this case, can be answered in this way: a similar mechanism is a special option that allows signal switching without special functional blocks. As a result, the consumer can activate and turn off the nodes, acting on the input pulse.
Bypass is characterized by an increased reliability indicator, refers to the bypass devices mounted in the circuit to ensure continuous operation. The mechanism helps to improve the quality of the functioning of devices, is effective in case of overloads and power surges, and also saves electricity.
DIY making
Next, consider how to make a bypass for the circulation pump yourself? When the pump is located directly on the line, it must first be removed, and then the system must be reconstructed by increasing the intervals between the ends of the pump mounting.
Ball valves are mounted behind the discharge element, then tees are installed. Their diameter must strictly coincide with the same parameter of the pipe. As a rule, adapters are made of metal. Therefore, if there is a pipeline made of polypropylene, you will need to purchase special couplings of a combined type with a thread or an American mount.
The next step is the fitting of the structure. A piece of pipe is cut to size, the final version is assembled at the finished point. One version of this process: disassembling the unit into parts with the pump disconnected, and two parts of the pipeline connected to the main wiring. Then the pump is mounted and a pipe is equipped to drain the fluid.
The wiring rises upward in such a way that the pump is not allowed to touch. As fasteners use "dead" fixation or paired pipes with taps and jumpers. This scheme works not only in cases with a circulation pump, but also with other plumbing fixtures.
Recommendations
In a single-tube heating unit, heat is transferred from the first battery and through the chain to the following elements. It is for vertical and horizontal construction that bypass will be relevant. What this is can be understood from the following example. If the device is not installed, the radiators will turn on in series. As a result, the first battery receives the maximum amount of heat, and the last section - the leftovers.
To prevent such a situation, a jumper bypasses the heating device, after which a uniform heat supply is provided with the possibility of increasing or decreasing the temperature of the working fluid. However, their remoteness from each other does not affect the heating efficiency.
In a vertical design, the bypass is mounted so that the diameter of the pipe is less than the main line with a certain offset of the node to the side. The main objective of the mechanism is to prevent the thermal carrier from leaking in a straight line bypassing the radiator.
The horizontal analogue itself is a bypass, without bias and with the same flow area.
The design in question serves to evenly distribute heat across the battery sections. In addition, the unit facilitates the repair and maintenance of radiators. For example, if it is necessary to remove the heating device, it is enough to simply shut off two taps mounted on the inlet and outlet parts of the coolant. In this case, the water flows along the "reserve" path through the jumper.
Another nuance of using a bypass is to install it for a “warm floor” system. In this case, the bypass line acts as a mixer with a three-mode valve. The main purpose is to bring the liquid to the required temperature in the heating circuits. Ideally, it should not exceed 45 degrees Celsius, while the feed is carried out with an indicator of up to 80 ° C.