Suburban areas are equipped with the latest technology. One of the important factors, which primarily affects the comfort of a person's stay there, is the presence of communication systems, among which it is necessary to highlight not only water supply, but also sewage.
If you decide to move away from the old-fashioned methods that involve the disposal of sewage, then you can consider systems that can work in automatic mode and do not require the presence of a person. About them and will be discussed below. But for the full picture it is necessary to pay attention also to those systems that involve intervention.
The main types of sewerage for a summer residence: cesspool system
Suburban sewage can be equipped on the principle of a cesspool system. It involves the collection of sewage. For the manufacture of such systems, clay is no longer used, which used to serve as an insulation layer. In addition, the design has become more powerful, therefore, it is able to protect nature from domestic pollution.
Instead of conventional cesspools today, sealed containers are used that can be represented:
- concrete rings;
- plastic products;
- metal barrels;
- pits from different materials.
For reference
As for the latter option, it may include the use of concrete blocks and bricks, the first of which are insulated on both sides. Equipping suburban sewers on the principle of a cesspool, you gain the ability to install a cheap and simple system. The construction will not be difficult, but such a sewer will have to be serviced constantly. As the tank is filled, it must be cleaned with the help of a cesspool machine, a special pump, or on its own.
When to choose a septic tank
This system, as practice shows, is one of the most successful. It is not very expensive, and the efficiency of disposal of sewage remains at a high level. The essence of the septic tank is the natural decomposition of organics. Bacteria affect the effluent, as a result of which any organic matter disappears within a few days. But in the effluents there are substances that bacteria can not do.
Here compartments come to the rescue, which can be installed in the amount of several pieces. In each of them, different processes occur. The first tank is used to collect sewage. Here the sewage settles, and heavy particles sink to the bottom. As for small particles and water, they enter the next tank. Heavy particles are processed by bacteria, resulting in the formation of sludge. The latter acts as an excellent fertilizer for the garden.
This type of suburban sewage system also has a second compartment, where the process of processing small particles takes place. Purified water enters the soil through the bottom. The more such containers, the cleaner the outlet water will be. To date, several types of septic tanks are known. There are integral devices that are a single tank that is shared. Also known are freestanding tanks that are interconnected by pipes.
Autonomous disposal system
If you decide to install suburban sewers, then you should consider an autonomous system, which is one of the most modern. Such skeptics perform a complete purification of sewage, and the output manages to get almost pure water. Some models even provide absolute cleaning.
Such equipment is quite expensive, it is better to entrust it to professionals in its installation. Such sewer systems are usually acquired in a fold. One septic tank is installed on several houses. It is important to accurately select the power of the equipment and its performance, these parameters will depend on the number of drains.
Septic tank diagram
The scheme of suburban sewage can be considered on the example of a septic tank made of concrete rings. The first section in this case has a concrete bottom. A pipe slopes to it. It should be approximately 2 cm per 1 m of length. The device of the first and second sections is identical, but the second container may have a smaller size. The role of this compartment is to filter. In this tank are materials that provide natural cleaning, among them claydite and gravel should be highlighted.
The filtered fraction enters the third tank, from where the liquid is removed through the drain into the soil. If you plan to use a cesspool machine to clean this tank, you should position the tank closer to the road.
Installation of an autonomous sewage system
Autonomous suburban sewage is established after determining its location. To do this, a pit is excavated in the territory, the dimensions of which will depend on the parameters of the acquired structure. Masters should dig a trench, deepening by 60 cm. In this case, the slope will be 3%, which is true for a 110-mm sewer pipe.
Next, another trench is prepared, where a discharge pipe of the same diameter should be laid, however, it should be additionally insulated. If you decide to use just such a system of suburban sewage, then at the next stage you need to lower the station into the foundation pit and level it.
The next step is to connect the pipes. If the length of the supply line exceeds 20 m, it is important to equip a viewing well, which eliminates blockages. Communications are connected to the station, in addition, an alarm lamp and a float should be connected. To check the operation of the pumps, you first need to turn on the station, only after it is completely filled up and backfilled with trenches. The system is masked by a lawn, covered with a pot of flowers or artificial stone.
Sewerage with a filter well and a filtration field
When considering the types of sewers for a country house, you should pay attention to septic tanks that have a filter well. Such systems are relevant for low groundwater locations. The filtration well is usually a few reinforced concrete rings without a bottom.
As for the filtration field, it is installed at a groundwater level within 1.5 m. This is also true for the case when the soil has poor drainage ability. In this case, sewage is diverted to the filtration fields. Such sewerage in the country has quite extensive areas in which the natural soil is replaced by rubble and sand. Water from the septic tank enters this field through perforated pipes, where it passes through the layers and is cleaned, and then leaves into the lower layers of the soil. The sewerage in the country at the same time has a filtering field, which has a layering. Layers suggest the presence of sand, then there is crushed stone, in which drainage pipes are located.
Conclusion
Urban residents today are accustomed to comfort, therefore, spending time in the country, they no longer intend to put up with the lack of amenities. However, outside the city, as a rule, there is no complete sewage system. Therefore, the arrangement of such structures is the concern of the owners. This business cannot be called simple, however, having understood the intricacies and technologies, you can design and build your own sewage system. At this stage, it is important to choose the type of system. This can be an autonomous sewer, septic tank or modern systems, the operation of which requires the presence of electricity.