What do the basic principles of government mean ? What is their significance and how do they influence the form of the administrative and political structure of society? In essence, these fundamental principles are those elements that determine the system of organization of power in
a particular country, its formation, interaction with the people, the division of this power into responsible branches, their cooperation among themselves, and so on. If we consider this category more generally, then this concept looks like a complex of all forms of organization of power in the country. A closer examination of the principles of
government (of the Russian Federation, Italy, the USA or any other country) is not only a totality, but also a characteristic of the interaction of all the organs of the apparatus of this state. In the
administrative-political administration there are two main forms: republican and monarchist. Both of them have their own characteristics and characteristic principles of government. Let's consider them in more detail.
Monarchical principles of government
In such countries, the highest personification of all power is the sole ruler - in fact, the monarch. This form is characterized by the transfer of power by
inheritance - usually within the ruling dynasty, although there are options. An important feature of the monarchical system is the principle of denying the sovereign’s responsibility to the people. The monarchy can be absolute, as in several countries of the East (Brunei, Saudi Arabia) or constitutional (England, Denmark). This form is the oldest, and it is rather a relic of the past. In most progressive countries of the world for several centuries completely different state-forming principles have been adopted. This is a republican system, which will be discussed below. And most
constitutional monarchies, in fact, have long adopted progressive principles, but retain their own royal dynasty only as a symbol or because of their adherence to historical traditions.
Republican principles of government
This form basically implies the mandatory election by the people of all government bodies, as well as their further responsibility to voters for their actions. An example of this form of governance is modern Russia. That is, to put it simply, the fundamental principles of the state structure of the Russian Federation are democracy (since it is the people who choose the development path that suits them) and the accountability of all levels of government to their citizens. As a rule, power in such countries is divided into three branches (legislative, executive and judicial) or more (this situation is in some places in Europe, in China). Republics can also take different forms - presidential, mixed, parliamentary. The main principle in their difference is the measure of participation of the head of state and the legislative body in state affairs, the balance of their powers.