Hydraulic distributors are devices whose main function is to control the movement of fluid flows in an existing system, which is caused by the influence of an external signal. Most often, the regulatory element of this system is in the form of a tap or spool. The main goal of such devices is to provide the smallest efforts necessary for switching, as well as minimizing leaks and reducing losses in pressure in the event that a leak does occur.
The hydraulic distributor is made of various grades of steel, modified cast iron and bronze by casting. Structural elements are protected by nitriding and cementing, which ensures the required technical conditions.
Classification of these devices is carried out mainly by the type of regulatory parts. In this regard, distinguish crane, valve, inkjet and spool systems. Let us consider in more detail some of them.
Hydraulic crane dispenser is most widely used. A similar system is characterized in that the tap plug is the main locking element that is responsible for changing the flow of the working fluid. It can be conical, flat, spherical or cylindrical in shape. The tightness of this design is due to the tight fit of the crane body and the cork itself. Often, such a hydraulic distributor is used in auxiliary systems.
The valve control valve is simple to manufacture, reliable in operation and has a long service life. The undoubted advantage of these systems is also their high level of tightness. Structurally, the change in the flow of the working fluid is made by alternately opening and closing certain valves. The hydraulic distributor can be equipped with manual, electrical and mechanical actuators necessary for the movement of the valves.
Spool systems, in turn, have a regulating element of a flat or cylindrical shape, which allows for changing the flow of the working fluid using axial displacements of the main structural part - the spool. The hydraulic distributor can be equipped with several internal channels in one housing, and also have one or more belts.
In addition to the main classification, of course, there is an additional one that allows one to distinguish between directional valves according to the methods of connection to the main system. Three different versions are distinguished: threaded, butt and flanged. Each of them is used in special cases and directly depends on the purpose of the distributor. In addition, the volume of fluid passing through it plays an important role. For example, spool valves are used in cases where it is necessary to redirect a large flow of working fluid, and crane valves, in turn, are installed on low-flow systems or are used as auxiliary equipment.