According to some experts, the basement in a private house is a basement, which acts as the first floor. Others consider it a standard ground floor, which is located below ground level. In any case, its creation remains unchanged and requires compliance with certain rules.
disadvantages
It is worth noting that the construction of the basement is more expensive than usual, and in some cases, expanding the construction area will be a more economical option.
The approximate cost becomes clear after the implementation of geological and engineering surveys, establishing the type of soil, the level of groundwater. Sometimes after analysis of the soil it turns out that in this place the construction of such a building is impossible.
Ground floors in private homes require the creation of drainage, high-quality waterproofing and insulation, so you can not do without a simple formation of the continuation of the foundation. Failure to comply with waterproofing rules or the use of substandard materials increases the likelihood of flooding.
To carry out such work, builders must be highly qualified, since a negligent attitude to work in this case is more likely to cause undesirable consequences.
Lighting and ventilation
Since the arrangement of full-fledged windows in the basement is most often impossible, the premises will have insufficient natural light. Therefore, the location of living rooms is desirable on the ground floor. The most popular accommodation options are entertainment and sports facilities: home cinemas, billiards, swimming pools, saunas, gyms.
It is worth remembering that the operation is also associated with large investments, allowing you to maintain the space in the required condition. Forced ventilation of the basement floor of a private house is especially relevant in the gym and rooms with a high level of humidity, and the creation of pressure sewers will be required for saunas and showers. Also difficult to arrange and located below ground level pool.
When not to do without a cap
It is most often necessary when there is a lack of floor space above the ground and the inability to accommodate all planned premises.
In some cases, the size of the construction site contributes to the creation of a basement. It can be small or have a narrow shape, while the owner has the means to erect a large building, and the space of the upper floors is no longer enough.
The arrangement is also common in the presence of a site characterized by the presence of a slope with a noticeable difference in height. In this case, the relief becomes the focus of the entire landscape design and allows you to build a very original building.
The basement in a private house, the photo of which is presented above, gives respectability to the entire building and can accommodate various rooms, basements or utility areas. It is also worth noting that such a building has higher thermal insulation properties. With proper arrangement, you can reduce costs and accelerate their payback. Thanks to him, you can not worry about the loads that fall on the foundation, and the house itself becomes more reliable. The height of the floor, in accordance with the established rules, must be within 2.5 meters.
Varieties
There are three main types:
- buried ground floor in a private house;
- a speaker;
- flush with the base.
The first option has become most widespread. This is facilitated by less exposure to moisture compared to other species. Also in this case, humidity does not have such a detrimental effect on other parts of the building, since water quickly drains from the basement.
The protruding type is best suited for homes with thin wall structures. So you can equip premises that will be located almost underground. Sometimes it acts as a place to store seasonal and rarely used items.
The device of the basement of a private house on the same level with the foundation is not always rational, since it will have insufficient protection against moisture and at the same time act as the beginning of the wall. The use of additional waterproofing materials will be required, which entails extra costs. It is also worth noting the impossibility of improving the appearance of the building.
Materials
Due to the fact that the base is a continuation of the foundation, it is built from a material similar to that used to create the base. Sometimes you can choose the materials that make up wall structures. Most often, ready-made blocks, bricks and monolithic concrete are used. Regardless of the perfect choice, competent calculation is required. Particular attention should be paid to determining wall thickness.
Screed and concrete slabs act as a floor. The base can be formed from prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs. For facing works wood material is often used. If the basement in a private house rises significantly above the ground, it is possible to create full-fledged windows and doors in its upper part, while it is desirable that they overlook the south, west or east side. The arrangement of openings on the north side is undesirable, as this can lead to deformation of the frames due to the accumulation of a large amount of snow.
Stairs
It is advisable to start facing work from the stairs to the basement in a private house, since it is an integral and important element of the room. The most widespread are three types of stair structures that provide convenient descent. Arrangement of the classic marching option is possible if there is sufficient space. If the design of the floor and its dimensions do not allow creating such a comfortable descent, a bolt or screw look is suitable.
Waterproofing
Separately, waterproofing work should be noted. An underground structure should be double-sided coated with materials that protect against moisture. This will increase their reliability. Waterproofing of elements located above the surface of the earth does not require mandatory internal waterproofing.
The basement in a private house, which is based on a concrete solid slab, has undoubted advantages:
- arrangement of premises of any purpose is possible;
- the construction is characterized by sufficient protection against negative external influences, for example, humidity;
- relatively little time is required for construction;
- distinctive structural strength.
High-quality arrangement of waterproofing is the main point in the construction. If this rule is not observed, the floor plate will have poor adhesion to the wall elements of the base. As mentioned earlier, the height of the base must be within 2.5 meters. For its construction, a foundation pit breaks out with the necessary depth.
Design work
First of all, when arranging, it is necessary to establish the necessary wall thickness. Here you need to build on the type of soil on the site and the location of the building. If the soil is sufficiently reliable, it is possible to create walls with a thickness similar to those of walls in other parts of the house. Otherwise, it is recommended to increase the thickness by 20-30 cm. When using wood for the construction of a building, the basement in a private house can be made of concrete blocks with its own hands.
An important stage is the preparation of a project, which must necessarily take into account the location of groundwater. This is due to the fact that the depth of the pit should not reach the level of water occurrence. A preliminary exploration of the soil is carried out to establish the possible depth.