Almost every master was faced with the need to tie into the highway. The technology of work in this case will depend on what kind of pipeline material is used. Utility systems today are assembled from cast iron, galvanized and polymer pipes, but for completeness of information, all technologies should be considered immediately. So, we will begin the description of each method separately.
Insert using polymer fittings
The insertion into the pipeline from polymers will be carried out according to a certain technology. At the first stage, it is necessary to reach the highway by digging a square foundation pit. Its dimensions should be 1.5x1.5 m. Earthwork at the initial stage is carried out using special equipment. But as soon as you reach the piping system of the metal tape, which is located in the upper part of the highway, you should use a shovel to overcome the remaining 40 cm.
After you see the pipe, you can proceed to digging a trench to the building. Having finished with this, you should begin to equip the challenge. For this, special clamps, which are also called saddles, are used. These elements are collapsible and are used for tapping into the water supply system. They can be compared with tees, direct-flow pipes which have two parts. On plastic products, you can install single clamps and clips. However, saddles will become the most suitable option, because the electric-welded collar is collapsible.
When inserting into the pipeline using this technology, the clamp must be installed above the insertion point and connected using an electric welder. As soon as these works are completed, the saddle should be inserted into the pipe body, which will ensure reliable connections and high tightness.
Methodology
The next step is to drill a pipe using a crown or a conventional drill. The diameter of the tool should be smaller compared to this parameter characteristic of the upper nozzle of the saddle. The drill must be inserted into the pipe through the shut-off valve that blocks the pipes. Drilling is performed using a special nozzle, which guarantees the tightness of the joint.
Some saddle models include embedding the cutter crown in the bends. It should be rotated using a forked key. At the final stage, it will be necessary to insert the pipe into the trench, connecting it with a valve. In this case, a crimp sleeve is used.
Specialist recommendations
When the insert is made into the pipeline according to the above technology, a viewing well can be located at the installation site. To do this, the bottom of the pit deepens, sand and gravel are poured onto it, and then rings are installed, the first of which will have an opening for pipes. The pillow, if desired, is strengthened by pouring concrete, the thickness of which should be 10 cm. To do this, use the M-150 or M-200 brand. It is important to bring to the ground level the head of the well with a hatch. Such a design facilitates the repair of the water supply system. The consumer will have the opportunity to shut off the system using a central valve.
Cast iron pipe
When in front of you is a pig-iron sewer pipe, the insert into it is carried out according to another technology. This is due to the fact that metal products are harder than polymer, but the plasticity of the material is not so high. This indicates that cast iron may simply burst.
Therefore, when tapping, the pipe must be dug up and cleaned of rust in the place where the work will be carried out. The top layer of compacted cast iron must be cut off using an angle grinder in the place where you will be introduced. A saddle is installed on the pipe, and a rubber seal is located between the clamp and the fittings. The joint must be sealed.
Technology of work
When you have a cast-iron sewer pipe in front of you, the next step is to fix the shut-off valve to the flange branches of the saddle. Through the first and to get the crown. A cast-iron pipe is drilled, and it will be necessary to cool the place of work and change the broken crowns from time to time. In this case, you need to use a special cutting tool that has carbide inserts. Using other equipment will not be possible to cut the material. At the final stage, the crown is removed, the water flow is blocked, and the installation of the external branch is performed according to standard rules.
Installation of a manhole at the insertion point
When tapping into the pipeline, an inspection well can be installed . This action is desirable, but can be excluded. Steel products in terms of ring stiffness are in no way inferior to cast iron fittings, however they are more ductile in comparison with cast iron. This explains the possibility of using the original technology when the insert in the steel pipe occurs. The technique is similar to that where polymer products are used.
Arrangement of the insert in the steel pipeline is carried out according to a certain technology. The pipe must be cleaned, freed from rust and prepared for work. A flanged threaded pipe is welded onto the product, which is made of trunk reinforcement. For the pipe, it is permissible to use any type of pipe, the main thing is that structural steel is the basis.
Important to remember
When the insert is made into the water pipe, after the formation of the seam, it should be checked for strength. Inside, the surface is smeared with kerosene, and outside the place you need to mark with chalk. Oil stains will appear on the outer surface, which will talk about joint defects.
Features of the work
Once you have completed all the work described above, a threaded or flanged valve can be attached to the nozzle. The pipe is drilled through the valve, and the upper layers can be overcome by an electric drill. You can drill the last millimeters manually. Behind the valve, a branch of the external water supply system is installed, which is brought into the house through an open trench.
When the insert is made into the water pipe, the slope of the outer branch of the saddle nozzle should be 2 °, and it must be directed to the house. Once the outer branch can be assembled, it should be checked for leaks. The trench must be buried in the place where the insert was made to the house, but this can only be done after completing the leak test.
Insertion into the gas pipeline
A gas pipeline is a structure through which gas is transported. Depending on the purpose, it can be supplied under different pressures. For example, if we are talking about trunk pipelines, then the pressure in them is quite high, whereas in distribution systems it can vary.
Insertion into the gas pipeline without interruption of operation can be carried out during the repair and connection of individual consumers. The system will work without interruptions, and the pressure will not be reduced. This technology is also called cold tapping and is sometimes replaced by a more traditional method, which involves welding the pipe and is considered laborious.
The insertion into the gas pipeline when using plastic pipes is carried out using fittings or fittings. For this, metal elements are used, and the method involves a bell-shaped connection, which is glued with special compounds after installation is completed. The steel insert is treated with compounds that are able to protect the surface from rust, because water ingress can cause corrosion processes.
The insertion is carried out by the method of creating inserts of alloys perpendicular to the pipe. The insert has a length ranging from 70 to 100 mm and grows by the method of bell-shaped contact connection. This method implies that plastic pipes are mounted on a heated steel insert. The method is used to create bends from gas pipelines with low pressure. If the pressure is average, then before building it is necessary to apply powder polyethylene to the place of the future connection, which will ensure tight adhesion of the two materials.
Sidebar Features
The insert into the cold water supply pipeline can be carried out using several technologies. For this, different types of welds can be used, namely:
- T-shaped;
- butt;
- angular;
- overlap.
For tapping without pressure relief, not only saddles are used, but also devices that are known as PGVM. In addition, valves and clamps can be used. If the option with a valve is selected, then the coupling and pipe are welded to the pipe, to which the valve with the camera is connected. The hole should have a cup cutter, after which the cut out fragment is taken out through the camera, and the valve is closed. When the insert is inserted into the existing pipeline by this technology, then a branch is connected to the flange after carrying out the above operations.
As for the PGVM, it is a device that is designed for insertion without pressure relief. An element is used for gas pipeline systems that have a diameter ranging from 186 to 529 mm. Using this device, you can insert, previously creating holes, the diameter of which will vary from 80 to 140 mm.
Conclusion
If you use a mortise clamp for pipes, then you can provide a branch from the main water supply line of a residential building. It is sometimes required to connect an additional consumer or device of an irrigation system. If the system uses water from a well, the sidebar can be made anywhere. If we are talking about central water supply, such work is carried out at the expense of water consumption. In this case, the insert into the pipeline under pressure will differ from the technology described above.
This is due to the fact that the pressure in the internal network is turned off at any time. To do this, it will only be necessary to shut off the central valve. Therefore, to carry out work, you need to prepare a tee. Manipulations will require the need to drain the water, this is done by opening the lower tap.