Road construction includes work called grading. They are performed using special equipment - graders, graders.
What it is?
Road grading is carried out with the help of graders - the so-called subspecies of bulldozers. You can not do without this stage, when you need to plan and profile:
- slope;
- plot;
- site;
- the road.
Grading involves ranking by layers. With regard to construction, it looks as follows. The grader is equipped with knives, dumps. Operating with them, the driver of the bulldozer can move the layers of building materials vertically, horizontally, which forms the profile of the treated surface. Graders are equipped with fangs, pickaxes, with which the operator reveals dense rocks or destroys the existing on the road surface.
Grading of roads in private construction is organized as follows: they turn to a company offering special equipment for rent, hire an operator. If you have to process a small area (for example, access from the highway within a kilometer), probably one working day is enough. Specific figures are determined by the power, performance of the machine, the availability of consumables.
How are roads built?
During the construction of tracks, the technology of grading roads is adhered to clearly. This is the key to the durability of the coating. Consider the nuances of creating a path on the example of a dirt road.
Modern primers are coated with natural primers, which is why the name was chosen. Work begins with the delivery of soil from which a protruding profile is formed. The task is simple, in comparison with other types, the dirt road is cheaper, suitable for directions where the traffic flow is small. In the hot month, it is dusty, in the rainy season it is softened, but with seasonal use (for example, as an entrance to the cottage) it is quite suitable.
Construction consists of such steps as:
- cleaning the site;
- marking the trough;
- removal of vegetation;
- removal of soil by a grader;
- tamping soil on the profile;
- rolling of the surface.
As you can see, grading roads in accordance with GOST is a key stage of construction, a guarantee of the longevity of the finished road. Improvement of indicators can be achieved by using special soils and using the most modern production machines. Graders are used to mix the binder and soil. Further, the machine is used to uniformly lay out the resulting mixture inside the trough while maintaining a constant thickness of 15 cm. If the complexity of the work requires a larger thickness, the grader is used in two approaches.
Four more passes of the grader are necessary to level the surface of the future road. The last pass is additionally made with an iron template. This ensures a smooth surface.
Grader Features
Road grading is done by motor graders. Machines are needed for:
- transportation of building materials;
- leveling the surface;
- planning of the future road;
- profiling of the work site.
Scope of graders:
- repair;
- construction;
- cleaning;
- work on hydraulic objects.
The grader is equipped with a blade with a knife. This is the main working body of the machine mounted on the frame. The blade is raised, lowered, deployed vertically, horizontally. The movements are provided with an engine and are controlled by a control system: hydraulic or mechanical.
Some cars are equipped with a picker. This is a frame with 7-11 teeth, used in the repair to destroy the old road surface.
Special equipment is indispensable for the creation and operation of roads, airfields, has been widely used in agriculture.
For a grader, knives are made from 2.5 to 4.5 m. The standard productivity of the machines is 45 m 3 / h.
The hydraulic control system allows the installation of automatic leveling. Such a machine simplifies the work of the driver, ensures that the profiled surface will have the given parameters with a reduced number of approaches. Economic, technical indicators of the device are higher than other types.
Road from rubble
Indispensably grading roads in the construction of gravel. Its key feature is installation directly on the ground. The coating thickness is about 16 cm, and the width does not exceed 10 m.
For greater strength, the road may consist of two layers of crushed stone. And here graders come to the rescue, whose work begins after the filling of the zone is completed. Only after the passage of the graders, and more than once, do they put the top layer.
The road from crushed stone serves for a long time only with regular preventive maintenance. Correction of irregularities is made by the grader. Work is underway on a coating previously spilled abundantly with water.