The vital activity of people is accompanied by the release of not only decay products, but also a large amount of waste that must be disposed of. In big cities, management companies solve this problem, and in a country house you have to get out of the situation yourself. This article will focus on septic tanks that do not need pumping.
What is a septic tank?
Septic tank is an autonomous treatment system, in which the treatment of incoming wastewater and other wastes takes place. The septic tank itself can consist of one, two or three containers, in each of which passes a certain stage of purification of contaminated water. To the question of how the septic tank is arranged without pumping, the answer will depend on some nuances. Septics have fundamental differences.
If we consider materials for the production of containers, we can distinguish the following types of septic tanks:
- Plastic.
- Concrete.
- Metal.
- Brick.
Purchased septic tanks are made of plastic. This material is practical. It does not oxidize, does not deform, and does not react with incoming effluents or the environment. When constructing home-made variants, any material suitable for its properties is used. The septic tank is completely immersed in the ground, the containers themselves must be airtight.
According to the principle of functioning, the following types of septic tanks can be distinguished:
- The system, which is based on cleaning the liquid with the help of soil layers.
- Accumulative system that needs to be cleaned of waste when filling.
- A system that processes incoming waste. Purification of such a septic tank is much less common.
The septic tank choice depends on several factors. If you plan to use the sewage system only in the summer, then you can install a regular cesspool. But in this case, care must be taken to comply with all standards when installing such a septic tank. For all-season living, you will need a more serious cleaning system. Consider in detail the device of different types of treatment facilities and see how septic tanks work without pumping.
Septic tank without pumping
Waste pumping is only necessary if the septic tank is represented by a conventional waste collection tank. This is a very inconvenient option for waste disposal, since when filling the septic tank with waste, you will have to call a special service. The cost of the services of dump trucks is currently quite high, especially if the site is far outside the nearest city. Depending on the volume of the septic tank and the speed of filling the tank, you can calculate the frequency of the need for pumping.
It is much more convenient to use septic tanks that do not need such frequent maintenance. This problem is especially acute when the house is used year-round, and the volume of waste is large enough, but there is no possibility to connect to the central sewage system. So how does a septic tank work without pumping out for giving? Consider several options for treatment systems.
The most budgetary option for a septic tank will be the so-called cesspool. The waste will go into a container that is in the ground and has unhindered access to the ground. There, the liquid is filtered, and its excess goes away. This method of waste disposal is unacceptable if the waste is a cocktail of hazardous toxic substances. With a high level of groundwater there is a chance of flooding.
The modern version of septic tanks with the function of non-waste treatment is the most practical, but also the most expensive way to dispose of waste water. In several chambers, cleaning is carried out in stages. At the exit to the ground, clear industrial water is discharged.
Rules for installing a septic tank on the site
Septic tanks that divert liquid into the soil cause damage to the environment, so certain conditions must be observed when choosing the location of treatment plants of this kind. There are a number of regulatory documents that govern this issue. According to the documents of SNiP and SanPiN, septic tanks with a mechanical method of sedimentation should be at a distance:
- not less than 2 meters from the border of the site;
- not less than 20, and in some cases 50 meters from the source of drinking water;
- at least 2 meters from the road;
- at least 5 meters from windows and doors;
- at least 5 meters from the garden.
If you decide to install a septic tank yourself, you need to draw up a detailed project, provide it with an SES and get permission to implement it.
If you are the owner of a small area where it is simply not possible to place a septic tank with mechanical treatment of wastewater due to lack of space, then there remains the option of installing a local sealed container for collecting wastewater or a waste processing station. These facilities do not need to comply with such harsh conditions, since no waste is released into the environment.
Septic tank
This type of treatment plant is presented in the form of a plastic container with one or two necks. Let's try to figure out how the septic tank "Tank" is arranged. Inside are cameras for phased cleaning. The cleaning sequence is as follows: the effluent enters the first chamber (sedimentation tank), where large fractions settle, the liquid from this chamber flows into the next compartment, and the wastewater is purified by microorganisms. In the next section is a biofilter, which eliminates the liquid from the remaining contaminants.
Septic tank is easy to operate. Its installation can be performed even by a person who does not have experience in this field. There are various modifications in the Tank tank septic line, among which you can easily choose the most suitable option. The choice will depend on the number of people living in the house and the expected level of waste.
And how is the septic tank "Tank Universal" designed? Its main distinguishing feature from other septic tanks of the Tank line is the ability to change the septic tank loading level. There may be periods of stagnation, or, conversely, a continuous supply of effluent to the septic tank. In any of these situations, the Tank Universal septic tank will cope with its task as quickly and efficiently as possible. The price of septic tanks "Tank" is quite reasonable in comparison with the products of other manufacturing companies.
Septic "Topas"
Topas is a wastewater treatment plant manufactured by Topol Eco. Septic tanks "Topop" are presented in the form of plastic containers of different volumes. Plastic is very convenient for the production of septic tanks, because it does not rust, does not oxidize, does not react with incoming effluents.
Let's try to figure out how the septic tank Topas works. The principle of operation of plants of this type is similar to other systems for wastewater treatment, but it is precisely the topop septic tanks that are presented in such a huge variety. You can choose a version of the treatment plant, which will be fully adapted to the desired conditions. In the production of septic tanks "Topop" takes into account the depth of groundwater, the amount of incoming sewage. There are septic tanks adapted for different depths of sewerage pipes.
There are four compartments in the septic tank, each of which has a specific cleaning step. Colonies of aerobic bacteria are used to break down complex organic substances into simple constituents. Aerators are installed in each compartment, which provide the environment with oxygen molecules. After the wastewater has passed through all the cleaning stations, there remains water, which can freely penetrate the soil without polluting it.
The Topop septic tanks have a number of disadvantages: the amount of sewage processed by a particular model should be approximately the same and constant. If waste emission increases, treatment will be slow and less productive. Aerators, which are built into each chamber, are powered by electricity, which imposes certain energy costs on the operation of the septic tank. With seasonal living, you will have to preserve the system for the winter period, otherwise the bacteria will die.
Septic tank Topas 5
From a large number of modifications of the Topol Eco septic tanks, the Topop 5 septic tank can be distinguished, which is actively used not only by summer residents, but also by homeowners. The principle of operation of the septic tank is exactly the same as that of its "brothers", but there are some functional differences.
The septic tank size is quite small - 1200 * 1200 * 2500 cm. This allows you to install it in any place convenient for you. The case is made of durable plastic. The productivity of the station is 1 m 3 / day, but at a time more than 220 l of effluents should not enter the septic tank. This performance is designed for 3-5 people.
Let's see how the septic tank Topas 5 is arranged. Effluents pass through the septic tank, passing through several stages of treatment. Each container involves an aerobic type of purification, so aerators are located in the departments, supplying the chamber with oxygen. If the groundwater level is too high, then the septic tank Topop 5 Pro should be preferred. A drain pump is installed in the tank of this model. Its role is to pump the purified liquid outside the treatment plant. This is necessary in the case when, due to the high level of groundwater, water drainage is naturally impossible. This is very convenient, since water can be diverted in any direction.
The advantages of Topop 5 septic tanks are obvious, but there are also disadvantages. A septic tank can only function when it is connected to the mains. If clogging occurs in the filter, the device will stop draining liquid, which will lead to a quick overflow of the container and the septic tank to fail. It is necessary to constantly diagnose the septic tank and conduct periodic maintenance.
Septic tank made of concrete rings
If you do not have the means to buy expensive equipment, then you can make a sewage treatment plant with your own hands from concrete rings. Such a septic tank will consist of two communicating chambers. Let's consider in detail how to arrange a septic tank from concrete rings.
A pit breaks out for the rings, the distance between the rings should be 20-30 cm. The first tank receives liquid from the sewer pipe. This tank plays the role of a sump. When the level of drains rises to the level of the connecting pipe, the liquid begins to drain into the second tank. There, passing through a 1m thick soil layer, the liquid goes into the ground.
Cameras must be equipped with covers for easy access. When a lot of sedimentary particles accumulate in the sump, it will be necessary to clean it. This should be done approximately once a year. An exhaust pipe must be built into the hatch cover of the septic tank, which will remove an unpleasant odor. Otherwise, an unpleasant odor will spread throughout the house. And how to make a septic tank out of concrete rings, spending less money? You can attract several friends to install them, thereby saving money that could be spent on the use of heavy equipment.
The positive aspects of septic tanks made of concrete rings are obvious: low price and high performance. Concrete is a very durable material that will last for more than a dozen years. With a large volume of the first tank, cleaning will have to be done once every 2-3 years. The downside is the use of heavy equipment for transporting and installing rings.
Septic tank made of plastic cubes
Plastic eurocubes are an excellent material for organizing a septic tank. The container itself is located in a metal crate, which protects it from mechanical stress. When installing a septic tank from such material, you need third-party help, it is quite difficult to complete the installation alone. We will figure out how to arrange a septic tank in a private house using plastic cubes.
For such a volumetric capacity, you need a large pit. We have to carry out large-scale earthwork to organize space for tanks. It is necessary to place a Eurocube in the ground with the help of several people. Properly completed installation is the key to a long uninterrupted operation of the septic tank. After all, mistakes made during installation can lead to damage to containers, they simply crush the soil.
It must be remembered that a treatment plant of this type will be able to clean effluents only by 50-60%. The fluid coming from the second tank must undergo an additional level of purification. To equip the filtering fields, you need to allocate a fairly large area.
All connecting, inlet and outlet pipes are sealed in specially made holes in the plastic. The second and subsequent containers should be 20-25 cm lower than the previous one. Cubes are welded with metal ties between each other, so you can properly arrange a septic tank from European cubes.
The positive aspects of a septic tank from Eurocubes are the low price, the availability of acquisition. Negative points - a short service life with improper installation, a large amount of land and other types of work, one more stage of post-treatment is needed.
Means for septic tank
The bacterial environment of the septic tank is the basis for the processing of incoming wastewater. Without the active activity of microorganisms, a septic tank turns into a normal container for collecting waste water, so it is very important to maintain bacterial activity in the tank.
In the chamber, which is located at the next level after the sump, there is a natural treatment of effluents by exposing various groups of microorganisms to complex organic substances. It can be bacteria, fungi, yeast and some algae. Depending on the type of effluent, it is precisely the medium with microorganisms that develops, which is capable of decomposing the substances of the incoming fluid.
To stimulate the development of the bacterial environment, special compounds are artificially introduced into the septic tank, which enhance the growth and reproduction of bacteria and fungi. Stimulation is needed so that the effluents are processed more intensively.
If substances with a high level of toxicity enter the sewer, then such an environment can kill microorganisms that live in the septic tank. It is very important to monitor the disposal of effluents, and try to avoid waste of complex in structure waste containing gasoline, acetone and other toxins.
Finally
Choosing the right septic tank is not an easy task. It is necessary to conduct a study of the soil, determine the level of groundwater passage, the type of soil, its mobility. The calculation of the volume of sewage will also be one of the important parameters when choosing a septic tank. The capacity of the treatment plant should be consistent with the incoming volumes of waste. With a responsible approach to arranging a septic tank, you get a durable and functional cleaning system of a country house. Gather the necessary information, gain theoretical experience, and it will become clear to you how to arrange a septic tank for giving yourself.