Colored plaster is a decorative coating that is used to finish walls. The solution can be operated outside or inside buildings, apartments, private houses, offices and premises for various purposes. A mixture is used to enhance the decorative qualities of the substrate.
The word "plaster" comes from Italian and literally translates as "alabaster". The stucco mixture for decorating has components similar to ordinary plaster, among them it should be distinguished:
But the main difference is the addition of granulate. This is a free-flowing substance in the form of granules. They are wood fibers, finely divided stone chips, etc. Colored plaster can be sold ready-made. In this case, preliminary dilution with water or solvent is not required. In the store you can also find dry formulations, which must be diluted independently before use.
Used additives
Depending on what the final result should be, different fillers can be added to the plaster:
- shells;
- small pieces of mica;
- small pebbles.
After the completion of the polymerization step, the layer looks quite organically on the wall. Using this method, it is possible to obtain a volume surface.
Types of decorative plaster
Colored plaster is offered for sale in different forms. Depending on the composition used, you can get a wall with a certain effect. Some solutions allow you to achieve a perfectly smooth structure. While others allow you to achieve the effect of relief.
With the help of such mixtures you can imitate natural materials. Decorative plaster is divided according to several principles. By type of filler, it can be:
- structural;
- invoiced;
- the venetian.
Structural and textured forms form a rough surface. They are called relief. As for the Venetian, with its help you can create a flat surface, therefore, such solutions belong to smooth plasters.
All of these types of mixtures are made on the basis of environmentally friendly substances, due to this they are considered reliable, safe and durable.
Types of binders used: acrylic plaster
Acrylic colored plaster has a high molecular weight polymer, which is an acrylic resin, as a binder. With its help, it is possible to achieve good elasticity of the layer. Among the ingredients may be organic and inorganic pigments. Thanks to them, the composition can find a different color.
Features of the composition
Such plasters are usually sold ready-made. As their disadvantage is a low vapor permeability, so the material is limited in use. Such plaster is exposed to ultraviolet radiation, which means that the coating may crack over time. The composition contains acrylic resin, so the surface can be painted in any color using pigment pastes.
Mineral plaster
Colored decorative plaster may be mineral. In it, cement acts as a binder. Such a solution is inexpensive and is usually available in the form of a dry mixture, which must be diluted with water before starting work. Mineral plaster is excellent for renovating bathrooms and outdoor applications.
In wet weather, add less water to the solution. Mineral plaster is considered the most environmentally friendly, over time it only becomes stronger, during operation it is not afraid of mechanical damage and is resistant to ultraviolet light. But it is undesirable to wash such a surface with the help of devices and use high pressure at the same time.
Silicone and silicate plasters
Wall decoration with colored stucco is sometimes carried out using a silicone mixture, in which synthetic resins act as a binder. Such solutions are used not only for internal work, but also for exterior decoration. The solution is easy to apply and flexible. It is resistant to ultraviolet rays, does not attract odors and dust. A water-repellent layer forms on the wall, so silicone plaster can be used to clad exterior walls in areas of high humidity.
Typically, such solutions are available in the form of ready-made mixtures with different colors. The most common colored facade plaster for outdoor use is silicate. In this case, liquid glass acts as a binder. The mixture is characterized by high strength, resistance to putrefactive formations and mold, as well as the ability to repel water. The composition has adhesive, impregnating and astringent substances. It can be used on any surface.
It is distinguished by fire resistance and vapor permeability. The mixture is produced in the form of a ready-made solution in different shades. This plaster is one of the most reliable, and its service life reaches 50 years. Silicone and silicate plasters are most often used in the decoration of facades and during construction in areas with a humid climate.
Textured plaster
Textured plaster for walls has a coarse highly viscous structure. The filler is flax fiber, mineral chips, wood, small pebbles and mica. A mixture is used to decorate concrete, brick and plastered surfaces.
It is possible to apply textured plaster for walls on internal and external surfaces. The composition contains special particles, thanks to which large defects and irregularities can be hidden on the walls. For application, no preliminary preparation is required. The base is enough to dry and clean. If there are peelable coatings, then they are removed, and then the adhesive composition is applied. Instead, you can use concrete contact for reliable adhesion of the plaster to the wall.
The layer has high hardness, forms an air-permeable coating and is waterproof. The result is a surface that mimics natural stone, fabric, wood or other natural materials.
Among the other types of decorative plaster, textured is the most popular, in addition, it is not very expensive. The plaster is made dry and ready-made. It can be tinted in any color when applied or painted after drying. Consumption per 1 square meter is up to 2 kg. With an increase in the fractionality of the filler, a larger amount of composition will be required to apply one layer.
During rains and in wet weather, this plaster should not be used for outdoor use. The temperature should be above +7 Λ. Application can be carried out without the use of highly specialized tools. Attracting professionals is also not necessary. Even with independent decoration, you can achieve different design options.
Selection recommendations
Before choosing a colored plaster for interior use, you should consider the conditions under which it will be used. For example, the mineral composition is not recommended to be acquired if the walls are subject to constant vibration. This may contribute to cracking. This is the main disadvantage of the described mixture. Cracks on the walls, covered with mineral plaster, may appear in houses close to busy motorways, railways.
Silicate plaster is more reliable and durable, but it is also not very resistant to vibration. The advantages of this composition are that it almost does not get dirty, the surface does not attract dirt. If you intend to carry out decorative wall decoration with colored plaster, then you can choose an acrylic mixture, it is more universal. Such a composition is actively used for finishing internal surfaces and decorating facades.
Acrylic plaster is an excellent solution for rooms where the conditions differ in temperature extremes. Such a coating is easy to clean, it is the most successful and convenient solution. After the repair, you do not have to wait too long, as the mixture will dry much faster than other formulations. This makes the work easier. Acrylic decorative plasters are not so demanding on the preparation of the base.
The binder in the silicone plaster are astringent polymers. These mixtures are the most expensive among the rest. A positive advantage is ease of application and ductility. Even a layperson will be able to handle the job of plastering the surface. The base is easy to clean after drying.
How to make plaster yourself
Novice masters quite often ask themselves how to make colored stucco on their own. The basis in each of these cases is one ingredient composition. Among the main components should be highlighted:
- gypsum with lime;
- gypsum;
- lime;
- cement;
- cement with lime.
Fillers can be:
- baby
- sand;
- dust from stone.
Additives for plaster can be included in the composition, they are:
- hydrophobic substances;
- plasticizers;
- antiseptic additives.
The texture of the plaster will depend on the type and quality of the filler. For example, the bark beetle may contain an average amount of grain of one diameter from 1.5 to 5 mm. In the lamb will be used about two or three sizes at a time. There will be much more stones here. The filler on technology is most common in pebbled plasters.
Application technology
The decorative composition must be applied in one layer. Its thickness will depend on the fraction of the filler. The surface is evenly covered with mortar using a smoothing agent and a spatula. There should be no seams between the treated areas.
Plastering should be carried out by two workers. One of them will apply the solution, and the second using the selected tool will be engaged in texturing. If the facade is supposed to be decorated with plaster of different colors, you need to glue the tape on the border, and after removing it you will be able to get a smooth transition.
Once the solution is dry, you can tint the walls or paint them with a dry brush. The surface after such a treatment will gain a unique depth. When it is necessary to achieve a smooth surface, plastering is carried out with a homogeneous mixture with fine-grained filler. After the base dries, it must be sanded with an abrasive net.
Finally
With the independent manufacture of the mixture, the filler can be introduced into the solution in a volume of not more than 70% by weight of the working composition. If the figure is exceeded, then this may affect the performance of the coating.
Plaster may have a different basis, for example, gypsum, lime or sand-cement. In the first case, you can apply the solution in dry rooms or in conditions with low humidity during operation. Sand and cement mortar are excellent for outdoor work and decoration of wet rooms.