Owners of a private house may be faced with the need to create an extension to an existing building. It could be a porch. Such a structure serves for additional warming of the house. To him put forward special requirements.
You can create such an extension yourself. To do this, it is necessary to consider in detail the technology for construction and finishing work. The advice of experts will help to carry out all the actions correctly, in accordance with existing standards. How to build a veranda to the house with your own hands, you must carefully consider before starting work.
Features of the veranda
The role of a certain transition between the street and the main rooms is played by the veranda attached to the house. How to make such a design yourself should be considered in detail. Its construction is somewhat different from the terrace.
Veranda is a closed extension. It can have a fairly modest size. Such a small vestibule can be insulated or not. In the first case, it will be possible, for example, to drink tea on winter verandas, looking out the window at the surrounding nature. The cold veranda will serve as a fencing zone between the cold street air and the internal heated rooms of the house.
Layout
A veranda attached to the house is called to close the main entrance of the building . How to make such a design will allow you to learn the advice of professionals. They claim that the veranda cannot be attached from either side of the building. She must close the main entrance to the house. Otherwise, it will be inconvenient to operate it. To sit here, you will need to walk along the street. Such an extension will be called a terrace or gazebo.
When choosing the size of the veranda take into account the number of people who will relax here. For a family of 6 people, an area of 3 x 4 m will be sufficient. In this case, the dimensions of the veranda and the whole house are necessarily correlated. A small extension will look out of place against the background of a large two-story cottage. If the country house is small, the veranda can be the same length as the wall of the house.
Getting permission
It should be noted that before the start of construction, the extension will need to be legalized. If this is not done, serious problems will arise in the sale, inheritance of this property. First you need to develop a general view of the veranda. Next, you need to contact the design organization.
Its employees will be able to develop a drawing of the future extension in accordance with all building rules. This project is confirmed in the architectural department. The whole process of legitimizing the extension lasts about two months. It is better to devote time to this issue in the winter. In the spring it will be possible to begin construction work.
Reviews of experts about the materials of the veranda
There are many material options that can be used to create an extension. They differ in cost, appearance, durability of use. To build a veranda to the house with your own hands is inexpensive from plywood. In this case, a frame is created from a metal profile. Sheets of plywood, plastic lining or other inexpensive materials are fixed on it.
According to experts, a veranda made of bricks or blocks will look more impressive. Natural stone is also used. If the main building is constructed of wood, a porch should be made of the same material. To do this, you need to purchase the necessary amount of timber, boards and rails.
One of the inexpensive materials for construction is polycarbonate. These are durable sheets. They are not afraid of temperature changes. Moreover, their cost will be acceptable. Polycarbonate transmits light, it is firmly held on a metal frame. This is a good option for building a veranda. For construction, sheets 15-19 mm thick are suitable.
Preparatory work
Before you attach the veranda to the house with your own hands, you need to perform a series of preparatory work. This is a mandatory part of the construction process. Depending on the type of materials that will be used during the construction of the veranda, they are processed in a certain way. The wood is impregnated with antibacterial and fire fighting compounds. Metal parts can also be additionally treated with special solutions against the formation of corrosion, painted.
The plot in front of the front door will turn into a construction site. First dismantle the visor above the front door, as well as the porch. The base of the facade must be cleaned of traces of old structural elements.
The area near the entrance needs to be cleaned, level the soil. There should not be green spaces, stones, various rubbish. If turf grows in front of the house, its layer is removed. If there is a paved area in front of the entrance, it will also need to be taken apart. For building materials, a specific place on the site is selected. They should be close to the construction site. This will reduce the amount of garbage.
Foundation Features
Considering how to make a porch to the house with your own hands, you need to familiarize yourself with the rules for creating a foundation. This is an indispensable structural element for any extension. The foundation for the veranda can be columnar or tape. The first option is preferable.
The strip foundation will require attachment to the main building. In this case, a weight mismatch may result. The house will weigh more than the veranda. This may cause deformation during shrinkage. Strip foundations are applicable only for heavy verandas. In such extensions, the roof is made of heavy materials, such as slate. Walls are made of bricks. In this case, a solid foundation is indispensable. Its depth will correspond to the position of the old base of the building.
In other cases, equip the column foundation. It is not tied to the main structure. Between the foundation of the house and the veranda make a gap. It can be about 4 cm. This will avoid the appearance of a deformation seam between both parts of the house. To build such a foundation will require less materials.
Strip foundation
The construction of the veranda to the house begins with the foundation. If you need to create a tape type of base, you will need to perform a series of manipulations. First you need to mark the area. In accordance with the dimensions of the veranda, reinforcement or pegs are driven into the ground on which the thread is tied. According to the created markup, you need to dig a trench. If necessary, the building is connected with the old foundation with the help of reinforcement. It is driven to a depth of 20 cm in the old base.
Depth should correspond to the level of the old foundation. The width of the trench should be 10-15 cm wider than the walls of the building. Next, you need to fill up a layer of sand 10 cm to the bottom. It is leveled. Next, fall as much crushed stone. A layer of waterproofing is lined. It should come to the surface. Next, formwork is installed. It is collected from boards that should come out of the ground to a height of 30-40 cm.
The bottom layer of 10 cm is poured from cement with gravel. It is leveled and allowed to dry for 3-4 days. If the weather is hot, the surface is watered. Then another layer is poured, also with gravel. The topmost layer consists only of concrete. When it dries, the formwork is removed. A layer of waterproofing is laid on it.
Column foundation
You should also consider how to make a veranda with your own hands on a column foundation. When the site is marked, it will be necessary to dig holes 50 x 50 cm wide. The depth should be lower than the level of soil freezing in the area. Most often, the depth of the foundation pits is 1.2 m. At the top, they can expand. For a small veranda, it is enough to make racks in the corners. If the extension is large enough, you need to make the distance between the supports about 60 cm.
When the pits are dug, sand (20 cm) is poured into the bottom. A layer of waterproofing is lined. Then a layer of cement with gravel is poured. When it dries out a bit, you can start installing the pillars. For a house made of blocks, it can be bricks. If the structure is wooden, timber is used for supports.
When the pillars are created, they are covered with a layer of waterproofing. After that, on the supports it will be possible to line the rough foundation of the veranda. The gaps between the posts and the soil are covered with soil. It must be carefully tamped.
Rough floor
To build a veranda for a summer house with your own hands, you need to correctly create the foundation for the future floor. An expanded clay layer is poured onto the space under the floor. It will serve as additional thermal insulation. Next, the frame is created. Most often it is made of beams.
To perform the lower strapping, the beam is laid out on the prepared supports. They are connected in the corners using the dovetail mount. Also, special clamps, corners are used. This allows stiffening of the structure.
It should be noted that before installing the lag, they must be treated with an antiseptic. When the beams are installed on the supports, a flooring is created from durable boards. Their cross section should be at least 5 x 15 cm. The connection is carried out using the corners, screws. In the beams, which rely on the foundation racks, grooves are cut out to install flooring boards.
Frame and roof
Considering how to build a veranda for the house with your own hands, you should pay attention to the construction of the frame of the walls and roof. It will be necessary to prepare a bar with a cross section of 10 x 10 cm. This material is connected to the base material in cutouts. To do this, cuts at a distance of 50 cm are made on the strapping bottom beam.
Next, racks are installed. They are fixed with nails and special brackets. When the frame is fully assembled, beams for the upper trim are installed. Next, near the slope of the roof of the house, you need to nail the run (beam). All racks, as well as this beam, must be fixed to the wall with anchors.
On the run you need to install the top of the rafter legs. If the veranda is spacious enough, and also made of blocks, you need to install a Mauerlat around the perimeter of the top of the walls. For wooden buildings, this function will be performed by the upper beam of the harness. They will hold the lower parts of the rafter legs.
Floor finish
In addition to creating the frame, you will need to correctly mount the finish of the extension. You need to start from the floor. Next, a roofing cake is set up. Only after that it will be possible to equip the walls and make the interior decoration. This must be taken into account when studying how to make a veranda for the house with your own hands. The reviews of the owners of private houses who created similar objects on their own speak of the high reliability and durability of such extensions. This is only possible if all work has been carried out according to the rules.
Logs should be perpendicular to the facade wall. The strength of the extension floor will depend on the quality of their fixation. Next, a flooring is created from the floorboard. This option will create reliable coverage. The floorboard is connected by the principle of "thorn-groove". At the same time, they are fixed on the logs using self-tapping screws.
Work begins from the side of the construction opposite from the entrance. The board is installed on the logs and fixed with a self-tapping screw through the groove. Then a second row of boards is created. They need to be done with an offset of at least 30 cm. You can use ordinary boards. They can be covered with linoleum, laminate. If a strip foundation has been made, the floors can be poured with concrete. However, in this case, additional insulation will be required.
Roof
Simple recommendations on how to build a veranda for the house with your own hands will help even a lay person to do the job well and efficiently. The roof is equipped with the same material as on the main building. Most often, the verandas are made insulated. Therefore, from the side of the interior make a vapor barrier layer. It should let moisture out of the room up. A layer of insulation is installed between the rafters. It needs to be waterproofed. Next, the crate is made. Its step depends on the type of materials that will be used for cladding. If it is soft flooring, it is better to use solid panels of moisture-resistant chipboard. It is possible to mount a metal tile, a professional flooring, etc.
Walls
To build a warm veranda to the house with your own hands, you will need to make a frame of plywood, wood, blocks or other selected material. Next, insulation, waterproofing is mounted. The finish is created.
It will also be necessary to carry out an internal arrangement of the veranda in accordance with the chosen interior style. Windows, doors are installed. After that, it will be possible to operate the extension as intended.
Having considered how to build a veranda to the house with your own hands, you can do the job correctly. In this case, the design will be reliable and durable.