The cellar is an important object for everyday life. Here the owners store various preparations, food. The basement can be equipped both in the private house itself and in a separate building. For those who live in an apartment, the second method will be the only option.
The basement in the garage can be equipped independently. For this, it is necessary to consider detailed instructions for the construction. Each step is performed in a specific sequence. Only when all the recommendations and requirements of sanitary and construction standards are followed can a high final result be obtained.
Sequencing
Studying how to make a basement in a garage , you must first consider the sequence of stages of this process. Preparation begins at the design stage of the garage. To do this at this stage will be much easier than subsequently digging out the cellar already in the finished building.
You should also prepare the necessary equipment, materials. Next, a plan for future construction. Its arrangement is carried out according to a certain technology. At the first stage, it is necessary to explore the features of the soil on the site for construction.
Based on the studies, a basement project is created, drawings are prepared, and the required amount of materials is calculated. After that, you can begin excavation work.
After the arrangement of the pit, floor, walls and floors are created. Mounted hydro and thermal insulation. The ventilation is installed. At the final stage, you should purchase a staircase and carry out lighting. Shelves, boxes are installed.
Soil features
Before you create a garage project with a basement , it is necessary to carry out reconnaissance measures regarding the characteristics of the soil on the site. The choice of construction methodology as well as the equipment involved will depend on its density.
If the soil is sufficiently loose, you can dig a pit manually. However, quite often it happens that the land on the site is solid. It is hard to dig out with a shovel. In this case, you will have to consider the possibility of using an escalator. Special equipment must freely approach the construction site.
It is also necessary to find out the level of groundwater in the area. If such sources come close to the surface, you will need to provide a layer of high-quality, thick waterproofing. In this case, the foundation will be poured with monolithic concrete of high density. In addition to the depth of groundwater, it is necessary to find out to what level the soil freezes in winter. The choice of basement insulation system depends on this.
Preparation for construction
After reconnaissance, a garage project with a basement is created . The depth of the pit should be 1.7-1.9 m. The width indoors should be 2-2.5 m. Experts do not recommend increasing this figure.
Drawing up a drawing of the room with an indication of all sizes will allow you to calculate the required amount of materials. The distance from the walls should be about 50 cm. So much space will take a layer of waterproofing.
If the foundation is of tape type, the level of the base of the room should exceed 30 cm from its mark. This option can only be selected if the calculations confirm that carrying out such work will not harm the building. The surface of the strip foundation can be used as a wall.
The plan should indicate waterproofing, ventilation system. The most practical option for creating an entrance will be a hatch with a ladder. If the basement area is large, you can build concrete steps.
Types of Cellars
All cellars can be divided into two types. In the first case, a house is being built with a basement and a garage, making up a single structure. In the second version, the garage and basement will be defended at a certain distance from the main building.
The pit can be deepened completely or only half. The choice depends on the features of operation and the capabilities of the owners. If groundwater comes close to the surface, the owners can create a semi-buried pit. Its walls spill out of cinder concrete. They can also be laid out of bricks. The depth of the pit is only about 70-90 cm.
Fully buried pits are very popular. Their depth can be 1.5-3 m. Groundwater should not come closer to the basement base than 50 cm.
Creating a foundation pit
The basement in the garage requires excavation. This work is quite hard. Therefore, it is best to perform it together with partners. Sometimes it is possible to dig a foundation pit for the basement manually using shovels.
If the soil is dense, you will need to resort to the help of an excavator. However, this will be possible to do before the construction of the garage. If it is already built, it will be almost impossible to get the equipment inside the building.
The foundation pit should have small dimensions. Its walls, floor should be well tamped. This simplifies the finishing work. If during the arrangement of the pit it turns out that the groundwater comes closer to the surface than anticipated, you will need to immediately lay a thick layer of insulation. It will be easier to mount if the base has been well aligned.
Materials
Building a basement garage requires a careful selection of materials. They differ in cost. The fastest way to make walls is with reinforced concrete slabs. This is one of the most expensive options. Finishing with cast concrete is cheaper. You can also use high-quality burnt red brick. This material has an acceptable cost. Slag concrete and silicate brick are not recommended.
To make the foundation, you need to purchase concrete grade M100. You can also prepare the solution yourself. For this, cement of the M400 brand is purchased. It is mixed with crushed stone and sand. The floor is poured with a solution, and walls are also finished.
The formwork is assembled from solid durable boards. For waterproofing, you can use the method of laying several layers of roofing material on the molten resin.
Flooring
When considering how to build a basement in a garage, you need to study the technology of creating the floor. The base after finishing will rise by several tens of centimeters. First, lay a pillow of sand. It should be 20 cm thick. The pillow is laid in layers. Each of them needs to be tamped. If necessary, sand is mixed with water.
You can strengthen the bottom of the pit with a layer of gravel. Its thickness should be about 25 cm. It is also well tamped. The floor may be concrete, clay or clay. In the first embodiment, reinforcement is used. This is the most reliable way. The screed should dry well.
Clay flooring is considered an inexpensive and environmentally friendly option. The first layer of clay should be thick. It is lined with waterproofing. Next, a second layer of clay is poured.
An unpaved floor is less reliable. The earth is poured onto a sand cushion and waterproofing. It is well tamped.
Walls
The walls in the basement of the garage can be made of solid materials. It can be reinforced concrete or foam blocks. The second option is simpler. Concrete walls require reinforcement. The grid is collected without welding. Next, you need to make the formwork. For this, ordinary boards are used.
Before pouring concrete between the walls of the pit and the finish, it is necessary to fill the clay layer. The thickness should be about 15 cm. It is especially important to perform this procedure in an area where groundwater comes close to the surface.
Concrete for walls must have a strength class of M400. You can add a little crushed stone to it. The solution is poured into the formwork gradually, in layers (20 cm each). They should be bayoneted. The solution is poured to the level of future overlap. Finishing should be well dried naturally.
The use of foam concrete blocks accelerates and simplifies the process. In this case, it is not necessary to install waterproofing. Work is fast.
Sunroof and ceiling
When studying how to make a basement in a garage , you should pay attention to arranging the floor. It must be durable. The ceiling must support the weight of the machine, which will stand on the base of the garage. The use of a reinforced frame and concrete slab is best suited for these purposes.
If the cellar is small, the ceiling is allowed to be made of durable boards. From the inside, the ceiling must be well insulated. The ceiling has a hatch. Its roof should be double.
Next, you can install a ladder. She goes to the first cover from the base of the floor in the cellar. If desired, the ladder can be laid out of foam blocks. The room in this case should be large in size.
Waterproofing
The basement in the garage must have high-quality waterproofing. Otherwise, the entire building will not be durable and reliable. Since the cellar is completely underground, the waterproofing must be very high quality.
If the soil is dry, you can do exclusively with a bitumen variety of insulation materials. And in this case, its hot variety is used. Surfaces are coated with a layer of bitumen.
For wet soils, in which there is a high probability of rising groundwater, another method is suitable. In this case, the surfaces are pasted over with a rolled roofing material. It is made with the addition of bitumen mastic. If necessary, this material can be easily replaced during the wear process. Repair does not take much time.
Waterproofing is laid on the base of the floor. It is also brought on the walls to a height of about 15 cm. This will avoid rotting processes indoors.
Ventilation
Ventilation in the basement of the garage is an important building element. Without it, dampness will accumulate inside the basement, a fungus will appear. It will become impossible to store food under such conditions. The ventilation plan must be drawn at the stage of creating drawings of the building.
You can make natural or forced ventilation. In the first case, the cost of effort and time will be minimal. This will require two pipes. On one of them, air will enter the cellar, and on the second - out of the room. The outlet of the supply pipe must be 20 cm from the floor. Its second end is led out onto the street and covered with a protective visor and net. The exhaust pipe should be discharged at a distance of 20 cm to the ceiling.
Forced ventilation involves the installation of special equipment. The costs in this case will be higher. This system is necessary for a large cellar. For a small basement, you can choose natural ventilation.
Completion of construction
The basement in the garage requires the installation of high-quality insulation. Otherwise, all stocks will freeze in winter. The insulation material is mounted on the inside and outside of the walls. In this case, no condensation will form.
In some cases, the basement will need to be heated using a stove or other similar equipment. This will save reserves at temperatures outside the walls of the garage less than -10ΒΊ.
Further it is possible to carry out lighting. It should not be too powerful. A simple housekeeper is suitable for this. Wires should have a high insulation class. All connections must be made using modern types of terminals. The switch should be installed inside the garage. It can also be installed in front of the basement. It is advisable to protect the light bulb with a plastic case. This will prevent the destructive effect of moisture on it, reduce the risk of a short circuit.
Having considered the technology of how to create a basement in a garage, everyone will be able to perform a similar procedure on their own. Following the recommendations of professional builders, you can create a reliable, durable structure. Billets in it will be stored until spring.