The state keeps records of vulnerable and low-income sectors of society, sets certain standards, introduces social programs - all this is done to improve the standard of living of citizens in difficult financial situations.
Introduction to the topic
In our country, a huge number of people who, due to various circumstances, have lost their jobs, have received a degree of disability, or are classified as large families. For this reason, there is an urgent need for a more rational and competent accrual of various types of cash assistance to such citizens. State social services are obliged to correctly and timely pay the appropriate types of benefits specifically to those people who actually need it.
All forms of social support established by the legislation of the Russian Federation are guaranteed by the state. The concept and types of benefits that are established in Russia will be discussed in this article. The right of those in need of such assistance is enshrined in Art. 39 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
What is the allowance?
The allowance is a form of cash assistance from the state, constituent entities of the Russian Federation or local self-government bodies to people. It can be made on an ongoing basis (for example, monthly), in the form of a one-time payment, and have a specific character in the event of any circumstances that become the basis for the calculation of monetary compensation with a certain periodicity.
Different types of benefits are an integral part of the social security system of citizens of the Russian Federation. Their list is not exhaustive.
The main types of benefits provided for in the Russian Federation
The legislation of our country provides for various social payments. Many material support programs have been successfully operating for many years.
Types of state benefits are divided into the following categories:
1. Payments for temporary disability.
2. Payments to parents and guardians. Types of child benefits:
- cash accruals for the period of pregnancy and childbirth (maternity payments);
- one-time monetary accrual for women who applied for pregnancy at the antenatal clinic after pregnancy (in case the expectant mother was registered before 12 weeks);
- one-time monetary charge after the birth of a child;
- monthly payments for child care from birth to the age of one and a half years (the amount depends on the number of children in the family);
- monthly payments for child care from one and a half to three years;
- cash payments to wives whose husbands are in military service by conscription or contract (depending on the type of service, benefits have different bases and amounts).
3. Payments for the unemployed who are officially recognized as such, that is, they are registered with the employment service.
4. A one-time monetary charge for citizens who have health problems after vaccination.
5. A one-time monetary charge to doctors who are infected with HIV due to the performance of their duties.
6. A one-time monetary charge to military personnel involved in the fight against the terrorist threat.
7. State financial assistance for the burial of the deceased.
8. Material benefits to citizens who have received work-related injuries or illnesses related to their profession.
Types of cash compensation provided for in the Russian Federation
It is necessary to distinguish between benefits and payment of compensations that are made to specific people who are in an unforeseen situation or circumstances that are in no way dependent on him.
Our state is characterized by the following types of compensation payments:
- Mothers (other close relatives who are in fact caring for a newborn baby) who are employees or wives of military personnel and are on maternity leave (the size for today is 50 rubles).
- Undergraduate and postgraduate students who are forced to be on academic leave due to health problems.
- Able-bodied citizens who are not able to engage in their labor duties due to the forced care of an unemployed relative.
- The unemployed wives of the rank and file command of the internal troops serving in the remote garrisons, where there are no opportunities for their employment.
- The non-working wives of servicemen whose husbands serve under the contract in areas where there is no opportunity to go to work or perform work duties in accordance with their specialty. Due to either a lack of employment options, or due to health problems in children.
- Children under guardianship and trusteeship or in a foster family.
- For meals for students of educational institutions of a general nature of state and municipal ownership, institutions of primary and secondary vocational education.
- Internally displaced persons (one-time monetary accrual).
- Refugees who have received official status (one-time monetary accrual).
- Disabled persons of certain categories (for treatment in sanatoriums and specialized resorts, payment of fuel and technical inspection of vehicles, their maintenance).
- Certain categories of citizens to pay for housing and utility services.
- Parents: compensation for failure to provide a preschool to children from 1.5 to 3 years. Currently, this type of compensation payments is not practiced in all subjects of the Russian Federation.
Destination Types
All benefits can be divided into the following types:
- allowances for full or partial compensation of earnings;
- benefits that are provided as additional material assistance.
Types of time payments
Benefits differ in duration:
- one-time, i.e. paid once after the foundation;
- those that are accrued at regular intervals (for example, monthly).
Types depending on the source from which the allowance is paid
Depending on the source of financing, benefits are divided into the following types:
- payments from social extrabudgetary funds (insurance);
- types of benefits and payments from budgets of all levels.
How are benefits determined?
The legislation of the Russian Federation does not provide a single rule for determining the amount of material assistance to those in need. Size is set in one of the following ways:
- As a fixed amount. Types of benefits, the amount of which is established in this way, are, as a rule, the compensatory nature of the additional costs. For example, payments for the burial of a deceased.
- In accordance with the cost of living in the region in which the recipient resides. Most often, the mandatory percentage of payments that corresponds to part or the full amount of the subsistence minimum is established by the law of the subject of the Russian Federation.
- In accordance with the amount of earnings of the recipient. For example, temporary disability benefits.
Conclusion
Nowadays, the issue of reforming social services in the interests of the people of our country has become extremely acute. As mentioned above, the list of benefits is not exhaustive and can be replenished in connection with the emergence of such a need. For example, the issue of relevance and necessity of the program “Maternity Capital” was recently considered. Deputies of the State Duma proposed replacing it with a monthly allowance for families raising children. It was assumed that instead of a one-time payment, financial assistance should be allocated until the child is 18 years old. The amount of payment depends on the number of children.
Of great importance in these matters is the targeting of relying cash bonuses. Through various types of social benefits, the state is trying to do everything so that those people who really need it receive material assistance. There is also a constant indexation of cash accruals.
If a person has a reason to receive additional material assistance from the state, then what types of benefits he is entitled to can be found in the social welfare department in his village.