Human health depends significantly on what kind of water he uses. Particular attention should be paid to cleaning it in a private house, where consumption is often made from wells and boreholes. The water consumed from the central water supply system also sometimes needs to be filtered. For this, a water purification system is used in a private house.
How to make water cleaner
Before talking about improving the quality of water, it is necessary to understand its composition, for which laboratory analysis is performed. Most often, it contains an excessive amount of hardness salts. In addition, heavy metals may be present in water. Softeners help from both.
Natural water is polluted by sand, silt, bacteria, toxic substances. Having decided on its composition, in the future it is necessary to establish several stages of filtration with the target direction. Only then will a water treatment system from a well for a private house be effective. The same goes for water from wells and central water supplies.
Types of filters for a water treatment system
- mechanical cleaning of silt, sand and other particles;
- mitigation;
- removal of nitrates, heavy metals and oil products;
- disinfection.
For each stage of cleaning, it is important to choose the right performance.
Water Treatment Steps
The well water treatment system for a private house contains a maximum of 5 steps:
- mechanical;
- electrochemical;
- clarification through catalysts;
- adsorption;
- biological.
Mechanical cleaning
Cartridges contain a mesh with small cells. The filter element may be porous polypropylene. Large contaminants are separated: sand, rust, sludge, etc. The throughput of mechanical filters is restored by periodic reverse washing. With active use, the cartridge can last about a year, after which it must be replaced. The mechanical cleaning stage is used in all systems.
Adsorption
Cartridges contain highly porous fillers: activated carbon, silica gel, aluminosilicate, zeolites. They trap and retain harmful organic compounds in micropores. Water becomes clear and eliminates unpleasant odors. Adsorption filters quickly clog and require frequent replacement. With prolonged use, pollution begins to turn into water.
For a bit longer, granular loading cartridges can be used, which can be washed. But here only mechanical particles are removed. Adsorbed impurities are retained in the pores by forces sometimes exceeding gravitational ones.
Iron removal
Iron is oxidized with a special backfill, after which it forms a precipitate and is removed by mechanical cleaning.
Softening
Water is softened by filters containing ion exchange resins. In it, calcium and magnesium are replaced by soluble sodium. Cartridge resource is directly dependent on water hardness. Usually it is less than other cleaning methods and is 200-800 liters.
Filters are regenerated in a salt solution. Over time, the resin loses its beneficial properties and begins to enrich the water with impurities. Visually, this can be seen by the release of darkened water.
Membrane filters
Methods of forcing water through membranes are classified by pore size:
- microfiltration - 0.05-10 microns (fine cleaning from suspensions);
- ultrafiltration - 0.001-0.05 microns (removal of microscopic particles and microorganisms);
- nanofiltration and reverse osmosis - 0.001 microns or less (retention of metal salts, organic and microbiological contaminants).
Aeration
Aeration columns remove hydrogen sulfide, iron, manganese from the water and prevent the growth of microbes. A compressor is needed to supply compressed air. The advantage of the system is the absence of replaceable cartridges.
Columns with a compressor will cost more, but in the future they will be more profitable.
Aeration is especially effective as a step in a wastewater treatment system for a private home.
Filters for water purification in a private house: how to choose
Water purification can be carried out with and without reagents. First, we need substances that oxidize pollutants such as dissolved iron. They have a small price, but operation requires the cost of replaceable filters in order to maintain efficiency at a given level. The method is suitable for the preparation of industrial water, but not drinking water.
More modern is the reagent-free water purification system in a private house. User reviews say that it is more expensive when buying, but with it you can purify water to a drinking level.
Water filters in a private house. Cleaning system
Filtering is carried out through several stages in stages.
At the entrance of water into the house, it is first mechanically cleaned of large particles. The next step in finishing is to remove salts and fine impurities in order to use drinking water. There are several ways.
- Filter jugs. The main filtering substance is activated carbon. Everyone can buy a device due to its low cost. The speed and volume of filtration are small, but for household needs it suits many. Despite the ease of use, filter jugs have a fairly high cleaning efficiency. Most often you can find filter jugs of Aquaphor and Barrier companies, the price of which is in the range of 250-700 rubles.
- Dispenser is a household water purifier. It is more used for organizations and public places. It is equipped with multi-stage filters, can be connected to a water supply system, contains heating devices. Large volumes of drives and additional functions raise the price of the dispenser to 5 thousand rubles.
- The multi-stage water treatment system in a private house and apartment, installed under the sink, consists of several replaceable cartridges connected in series to the water supply. For clean drinking water, a separate tap is often installed. The throughput is about 3 l / min, the resource is in the range of 4000-15000 liters. The most effective is a five-stage water purification system in a private house, the price of which varies widely. The most expensive devices that use the reverse osmosis method. The units are controlled by controllers that control the system parameters, water quality, and also give a signal about the cartridge producing a resource.
The choice of water purification method
The water purification system in a private house in most cases removes iron and hardness salts. Therefore, the filtration system must be mixed.
Serial installation of filters allows you to remove various impurities. Before choosing a specific system, you need to pay attention to the following.
- Filter performance should meet water needs. At low throughput, filtering quality decreases. This is important for mechanical cleaning, where the flow should not be very intense. Only in this case will contamination remain in the filter. An overly powerful filter is also not needed, since it is dimensional and expensive.
- Cleaning methods are selected according to the chemical composition of water. If there is an excess of iron, a device is used to remove it, and water is softened by a system that reduces the concentration of hardness salts.
- Filtering is carried out in stages, with the sequential removal of certain types of contaminants.
- Filter flasks should be selected so that any cartridges fit them and there are no problems with their replacement.
Reviews
The best water treatment is considered reverse osmosis. The system should be with a mineralizer, since the distillate is obtained at the outlet. If the consumption is seasonal, the system is not suitable. It is important here that it be permanent. When cleaning by reverse osmosis, up to 50% of the water goes to waste.
For technical needs, softening exchange filters are effective. They are especially important for heating appliances that fail when overgrown with hardness salts. For washing machines, it is recommended to use separate small softening filters.
With high contamination, mechanical filtration is best done on reusable filters with metal mesh. Polypropylene cartridges will often have to be changed, which makes cleaning water more expensive.
Some users believe that there are no extra filters. For example, if an iron remover is installed, and the iron concentration is within the normal range, the device will last a very long time.
In order for the cleaning system to be compact, it is recommended to install complex filter cartridges under the sink, which remove several types of contaminants at once.
If water from a natural spring does not sway for a long time, it is recommended to first discharge it until the turbidity disappears, and then pass it through the filters. So they will last longer.
Manufacturers
A well-known filter manufacturing company is the large Ekvols company. The company's specialists do not recommend choosing a cleaning device on their own, as well as installing them with your own hands. A set of measures is required here to guarantee the production of quality water with a professional approach. The choice of a water purification station from a well for a private house is carried out by special services, which also perform installation and maintenance.
Well-known companies that produce reliable equipment are Geyser, Barrier, Aquaphor, Ecodar. Those who don’t want to get involved with complex water treatment systems acquire Geyser and Aquaphor filter jugs. They also produce complete cleaning systems. The water purification system in the Akvafor private house is reliable and durable.
When installing filtration systems, experts suggest following tips.
- First of all, you need to do a water analysis in the laboratory, and then turn to professionals about choosing the right system for the indicators obtained. If the wells are shallow, water analysis is recommended to be done periodically.
- Small filters can be installed with your own hands, but it is better to entrust the installation of complex systems to specialists.
- With any filtration methods, the coarse cleaning step cannot be neglected, due to which water can be treated more economically.
- When choosing products from various manufacturers, you should first read the reviews.
Conclusion
A water purification system in a private house will be effective if the types and performance of replaceable filter cartridges are correctly determined. They are selected with the most common size, at affordable prices and with the possibility of easy installation.