A wooden house is much more fire hazard than the one in the construction of which various blocks or bricks were used. Therefore, many owners of such buildings refuse to install a fireplace, which sometimes so wants to sit on winter evenings. However, these fears can be called premature if the installation technology and fire safety rules are observed. Specialists have developed technologies for the construction of fireplaces in wooden houses. By following the instructions, you reduce the risk of fire to a minimum.
Fireplace device
If you decide to install a fireplace in a wooden house, then you should familiarize yourself with its design features in more detail. They will influence the construction technology. Thus, the wooden house will shrink for several more years after completion of its construction. Given these features, it is necessary to leave a certain space between the ceiling and the fireplace. As practice shows, this distance should be 30 cm. For three years, the house can settle 15 cm.
When planning to build a fireplace, you must prepare several types of bricks. For example, red is used for the construction of the main massif, while refractory products will go to the base of the furnace. The chimney will be made of metal sheets. At the heart of the fireplace is the foundation, which is laid in the pit. The bottom of the latter is covered with gravel, which is compacted after laying. Then it is poured with a cement-sand mortar, which is prepared in a ratio of 1 to 3. Before starting work on laying brick, the foundation is covered with roofing material or roofing material, these materials act as waterproofing.
The inner surface of the fireplace is not covered with plaster, so this layer during operation can be destroyed by exposure to high temperature. Excess mortar inside the masonry should be removed and smoothed. The correct placement of the chimney pipe should be checked using a plumb line. If shelves are located above the fireplace, then wood treated with a fire-fighting compound should be used for this.
Fireplace Installation Rules
Before installing a fireplace in a wooden house, the inner wall should be insulated. To do this, use foil materials, which are represented by insulation. This layer may be metal or aluminum. Protecting the ceiling from high temperatures is extremely important. To do this, use a drywall partition, which is covered with a metal grill as a protection.
The flooring next to the structure should be made non-combustible. As materials, you can use ceramic tiles, sheet metal, as well as stone. To equip the chimney, it is recommended to use fire-resistant multilayer sandwich panels.
Preparation of tools and materials
Before installing the fireplace in a wooden house, you must prepare all the necessary tools and materials, among them:
- shovel;
- level;
- cement;
- sand;
- a container for mixing the solution;
- plumb line;
- heat resistant bricks;
- steel sheet;
- roofing material.
If the fireplace is large enough and its base is massive, then you may need a concrete mixer. In any case, its presence cannot be called superfluous. It will be possible to complete work with its help in the shortest possible time.
Reviews about the features of installing a fireplace
A fireplace in a wooden house, according to private homeowners, must be created from special materials and mortar. Most often, clay full-body products are used for this, but other heat-resistant materials can also be used. For the front surface, brick of the highest quality is used, which is the same in color and size. The solution, as emphasized by home craftsmen, should consist of cement, clay and sand. One part of cement should have eight parts of sand. First, sand and cement are mixed, after which clay can be added. In the process of mixing the mixture should achieve complete uniformity of composition.
For reference
When a fireplace is built in a wooden house, the quality of the ingredients used for the mortar is of great importance. The sand should be sieved through a fine sieve, the clay should be freed from impurities, it is pre-soaked in water until clay milk appears.
Features of the installation of the foundation
The base for the fireplace should be separate from the foundation of the main building. First, as mentioned above, a foundation pit is excavated, the dimensions of which should be around the perimeter compared to the future fireplace by 10 cm. The foundation pit should have a depth of about 70 cm. Crushed stone is laid on its bottom, and formwork is installed. Its height should be 5 cm above the floor. In the formwork, rubble stones can be laid , which are then poured with cement mortar. The base of the foundation is leveled, and its surface is covered with a plastic film. In this condition, the structure should be left for a week.
Recommendations for installing a fireplace
Before you build a fireplace in a wooden house, waterproofing is laid in two layers on the surface of the foundation, after which a base is built, the bricks in which must be installed on the edge. When laying the walls of the product are flat. Before installation, the brick should be soaked in water for several minutes, this will prevent the material from absorbing moisture from the solution. If the masonry turned out to be inexpressive or brick defects were found, then the external surface of the structure can be plastered or any kind of cladding can be used. This will hide the errors without alteration.
Overlay Work
If you are thinking about how to install a fireplace in a wooden house, you should familiarize yourself with the technology of masonry floors. This will allow you to form a complete composition. The furnace floor can become a real decoration, it should be laid out of bricks in horizontal or vertical rows. An alternative solution may be the formation of the arch. Decorative elements can be gems, marble or wood. The arched, wedge-shaped or beam lintels that have protrusions will look expressively. When a fireplace is built in a wooden house with your own hands, you can form wedge-shaped bridges made of bricks that are laid on the edge and aligned to the formwork. This will create wedge-shaped seams with a thickness of 3 mm. Top seams can reach 25 mm. Beam and arched lintels should be laid on the formwork, the shape of which corresponds to the given shape. The masonry should be finished with a central brick, which is located vertically with respect to the furnace.
About fire safety
The installation of a fireplace stove in a wooden house must be accompanied by the observance of fire safety rules. Even if the abutment wall is made of combustible materials, it is unacceptable to install a furnace close to it. It will be necessary to make an additional layer of thermal insulation. If the wall in a wooden house is made of wood, then you should additionally erect a wall of concrete or brick closely.
Conclusion
If you are faced with the question of how to install a fireplace stove in a wooden house, then you should also think about the design features of the chimneys. If this part of the structure is built like a sandwich, then its fastening should be carried out on the supporting structure of the floor and the wall. With this approach, the connection between the chimney and the fireplace should be flexible and flexible, as shrinkage of the house is possible.