How rich is the Russian language! After all, it only seems to ignorant people that everything in it is clear, transparent and understandable. In fact, this is not so. Two words that sound exactly the same can mean completely different or differ in spelling with one letter, which, when pronounced, gives the same sound in both cases. But there are quite interesting words that seem to be understandable, but the history of their origin is amazing. For example, the word "discouraged." Is this a short adjective or a short passive participle? And what is its etymology?
Joke pun
- Neighbor, are you discouraged?
- You’re telling the truth, Daria! The ferret decided all the hens at night, stabbed without a knife. So I really became discouraged. This is so - not a single chicken is left!
Meaning and etymology
However, the word “discouraged” is not at all what the elderly and not too educated woman had in mind. After all, chickens have absolutely nothing to do with it. The root of the word is not “chickens” at all, but “courage”. And it came to the Russian language from France. The original meaning of "courage" was tantamount to "courage." Gradually, the word in the Russian language took root and acquired other meanings: “ardor”, “swagger”, “courage”, “ostentatious courage”, “increased mirth”. The wealthy were strolling, squandering money in taverns, the tsarist landowner was strolling over his peasants, drunk husbands were strolling around over the wordless submissive wives. And in the morning, when they saw what they had done on a sober head, they assumed a discouraged look when there was no more dope for fun, courage was confused in the face of the gendarme, or conscience woke up, or rather, the remnants of it.
Word semantics
What is the meaning of the word “discouraged”? Dictionaries interpret it as “deprived of self-confidence”, “bewildered”, “in a state of perplexity”, “surprised”, “in a state of confusion”, “perplexed”, “distressed”, “dumbfounded”, “embarrassed”, “ embarrassed "," embarrassed "," perplexed "," dumbfounded "," preoccupied "," bewildered "," perplexed "," stunned "," upset ". All these definitions in their meaning go back to one basic thing - “deprived of courage”.
Part of the speech to which the word "discouraged" refers
This word was formed from the verb "discourage", that is, "lead into bewilderment", "upset", "deprive of confidence." Therefore, this is a passive communion. Since there is a prefix, even two, the suffix is used -nn-. In the case of the use of the form “discouraged” or “discouraged”, the word should be defined as a participle in a short form.
Use
To understand what is “discouraged”, you need to refer to examples of the use of the word.
- “Marina left the store with purchases. She remembered that she left part of the money in her purse before leaving the house. However, opening it, I discovered that the wallet is completely empty. Surprised and upset, she realized that she had been brazenly robbed. Passers-by turned around after her, seeing Marina’s so discouraged expression that her heart was breaking from such a dumbfounded look of a girl. "
- "Discouraged by what he saw in the morning, Vasily clutched his head ..." That's how he got drunk! Two corpses, broken furniture and broken dishes - how to get out of this lousy story? " he thought, tossing about the room in search of the right solution. ”
- “The lap-dog, accustomed to getting its portion of porridge with meat every morning, was discouraged by the fact that instead of eating she found a clean empty bowl. Something clearly happened, and this something was terrible. "
- “The moon looked discouraged at the fields: yesterday wheat was still yellowing there, but today it is empty. Or in vain is she sad? People are having fun ... "
As can be seen from the above examples, the word "discouraged" can be used both in vernacular and in fiction. Often poets also resort to using it.