Every organism, population, species has a habitat - that part of nature that surrounds all life and has any effect on it, direct or indirect. It is from it that organisms take everything necessary to exist, and the products of their vital activity are isolated into it. The environmental conditions of different organisms are not the same. It is said that one thing is good for another - death. It consists of many organic and inorganic elements that affect a particular species.
Classification
Distinguish between natural and artificial environmental conditions. The first are natural, existing initially. The second - are created by man. The natural environment is divided into land, air, soil, water. There is a habitat inside the organisms used by parasites.
Habitat and living conditions
Living conditions - those environmental factors that are vital for a certain type of organism. That minimum, without which existence is impossible. These include, for example, air, moisture, soil, as well as light and heat. These are the primary conditions. In contrast to them, there are other factors that are not so vital. For example, wind or atmospheric pressure. Thus, the habitat and living conditions of organisms are different concepts. The first - more general, the second - refers only to those conditions without which a living organism or plant cannot exist.
Environmental factors
These are all those elements of the habitat that are capable of exerting, direct or indirect, on living organisms. These factors cause adaptations of organisms (or adaptive reactions). Abiotic - this is the influence of inorganic elements of inanimate nature (soil composition, its chemical properties, light, temperature, humidity). Biotic factors are forms of influence of living organisms on each other. Some species are food for others, serve for pollination and resettlement, have other effects. Anthropogenic - human activities that affect wildlife. The selection of this group is due to the fact that today the fate of the entire biosphere of the Earth is practically in the hands of man.
Most of the above factors are habitat conditions. Some are in the process of modification, others are permanent. Their change depends on the time of day, for example, on cooling and warming. Many factors (the same environmental conditions) play a paramount role in the life of some organisms, while in others they play a secondary role. For example, the soil salt regime is of great importance in the nutrition of plant minerals, and in animals it is not so important for the same area.
Ecology
This is the name of science that studies the environmental conditions of organisms and their relationship with it. The term was first defined by the German biologist Haeckel in 1866. However, science began to develop actively only by the 30s of the last century.
Biosphere and noosphere
The totality of all living organisms on Earth is called the biosphere. It includes a person. And not only enters, but also has an active influence on the biosphere itself, especially in recent years. This is the transition to the noosphere (in the terminology of Vernadsky). The noosphere involves not only the gross use of natural resources and science, but also universal human cooperation aimed at protecting our common home - planet Earth.
Aquatic habitat conditions
Water is considered the cradle of life. Many of the animals existing on earth had ancestors who lived in this environment. With the formation of land, some species emerged from the water and initially became amphibians, and then evolved into land. Water covers most of our planet. Many organisms living in it are hydrophiles, that is, they do not need any adaptation to their environment.
First of all, one of the most important conditions is the chemical composition of the aquatic environment. In different reservoirs it is different. For example, the salt regime of shallow lakes is 0.001% of salts. In fresh large reservoirs - up to 0.05%. Marine - 3.5%. In salty continental lakes, the salt level reaches more than 30%. With increasing salinity, the fauna becomes poorer. Ponds are known where there are no living organisms.
An important role in environmental conditions is played by such a factor as the content of hydrogen sulfide. For example, no one lives in the depths of the Black Sea (below 200 meters), except for hydrogen sulfide bacteria. And all because of the abundance of the content of this gas in the environment.
The physical properties of water are also important: transparency, pressure, current velocity. Some animals live only in clear water, while others are suitable and muddy. Some plants live in still water, while others prefer to travel with the flow.
For deep-sea inhabitants, the absence of light and the presence of pressure are the most important conditions of existence.
Plants
The environmental conditions of plants are also determined by many factors: soil composition, the presence of lighting, temperature fluctuations. If the plant is water - the conditions of the aquatic environment. Of the vital ones - the presence of nutrients in the soil, natural watering and irrigation (for cultivated plants). Many of the plants are attached to certain climatic zones. In other areas, they are not able to survive, much less reproduce and give offspring. Ornamental plants accustomed to greenhouse conditions require an artificially created habitat. In street conditions, they can no longer survive.
On the ground
For many plants and animals, the soil habitat is relevant. Environmental conditions depend on several factors. These include climatic zones, a change in temperature, the chemical and physical composition of the soil. On earth, as well as on water, one is good for some, for others - another. But in general, the soil habitat provides shelter to many species of plants and animals that live on the planet.