Translated from Latin, the word "impulse" means a hit, a push. Man has always been surprised by the effect produced by the blow. Let us try to analyze concepts such as impact force, momentum of force, and the formula for calculating it from the standpoint of physics.
Momentum and its strength
In physics, concepts such as momentum and momentum are clearly separated. It should be understood that momentum is the amount of movement. It is defined as the product of the speed of a body by its mass:
p = m × v.
To calculate the momentum of a force, the formula must be supplemented with the concepts of force F and time t. Here the most important law of physics is involved about the conservation of momentum - momentum.
The momentum formula through force can be represented as follows:
F = (mv 1 -mv 0 ) / t, or mv 1 - mv 0 = F t,
where F is the applied force
t is the unit of time
m is the body weight
v 0 - initial velocity,
v 1 - final speed after exposure.
Thus, if the initial velocity of a body with a certain mass increases over time under the influence of some force, then such a change in the magnitude of the movement per unit time will be proportional to the force acting. The momentum of force, the formula of which is shown, demonstrates the second Newtonian law. It follows from it that with a short exposure to a large force, the same change in momentum can occur as with a prolonged exposure to a small force.
The laws of physics as an example of impact
The action in practice of the immutability of energy and momentum can be clearly demonstrated by the example of a shock, since the phenomenon of a shock is widely used in science and technology.
Materials are divided into elastic and inelastic. Elastic after the termination of the deforming force returns to its original form. When an elastic object falls on an elastic support, that is, a shock, an elastic force arises, acting on the support side and slowing down the speed of the object. This is demonstrated by the formula of momentum of force. Impact physics is widely used in industry.
The strength of the impact depends on its duration and elasticity of the support. On a rigid support, the duration of the impact will be shorter, and the average force will be longer. With soft support - on the contrary. So, a soft net stretched in a circus protects the gymnast from a strong blow.
Impulse constancy
The rule of conservation of momentum is observed in the interaction of the system of bodies. If external bodies do not influence such a system, the interaction of bodies inside such a separate system will not change its general momentum.
The laws of conservation of momentum and energy are the basic laws of nature. However, the conservation of momentum in mechanical processes is always fair and unconditional. The momentum of force and the formula for calculating it prove this in practice. But compliance with the law of conservation of energy in mechanics requires the fulfillment of certain conditions.
If it was possible to take into account all types of energy before and after the impact, it would become possible to make sure that even in the case of an inelastic impact, the law of conservation of energy is observed. It is always fair, but there is a possibility of the transformation of a form of energy from one to another. In practical use, this is especially important.
Momentum is a vector quantity that depends on body weight and its speed. A force impulse characterizes a change in the movement of a body under the influence of a certain force on it over a specific time.