Natural fires are one of the most dangerous natural disasters on the planet. During them, a huge number of living creatures die. Often whole villages or villages die in flames. Natural fires are subject to strict classification. For each type of combustion and distribution, there are own terms and concepts. This serves to facilitate the identification of fire control tasks. To combat the elements involved not only ground forces, but also special fire helicopters and airplanes. Often volunteers are called in to extinguish the fire , as well as military personnel from the district units.
Natural fires are forest and agricultural, and those, in turn, have a number of subsections. Grass bollards are the main cause of forest fires. Dry grass flares up quickly, but the speed of propagation of such a fire depends on the wind. To extinguish using counter fire, which under control destroys dead wood and leaves an uncontrolled fire without fuel.
Forest fires are divided into upper, lower and litter. Their distribution depends on the speed and direction of the wind, the terrain and weather conditions. During a horse fire, most often only the crowns of the trees burn, but when the wind weakens, the fire can move lower, in which case each tree will burn completely. Coniferous forests are mainly affected by horse fires .
Natural fires often occur due to the human factor. A carelessly left campfire or an unquenched cigarette can lead to a litigation fire. In this case, burning of the litter or peat layer of the forest soil occurs. Underground fires are dangerous in that they completely destroy the root system of trees. They spread very slowly, up to several meters per day. The burning area is often round or oval. The burnt trees are scattered to the center of the fire. Extinguishing such a fire is complicated by the absence of a visible source of fire, as well as the ability of peat to pass water into deeper layers of the soil, while remaining dry. People and equipment may fall into burnt areas.
Grassroots - the most common type of forest fire. During it, grass, litter, litter and the lower part of tree trunks burn. It has a fairly high propagation speed - about 5 meters per minute. Ground fire in individual sections is able to go either to the crowns of trees, or penetrate underground. During combustion, a kind of “thermal column” forms above the hearth. Hot air rushes up, picking up coals and burning leaves, which afterwards can get into areas that are not yet exposed to fire.
Natural fires are one of the main scourges of Russian forests. Every year, thousands of cubic meters of wood die in them, whole ecological zones are destroyed. Fires in Russia with its huge forest zones cause great damage to the country. Burning in the summer of 2010, peat bogs in the Moscow Region dragged the entire capital with smoke and burning. Every year in our country, about 25,000 large forest fires are recorded, which cover an area of up to 2 million hectares.