Russian physicist Abram Ioffe left behind an unforgettable mark. During his life he wrote several books and a large encyclopedia, published in 30 volumes. In addition, he opened a school from which great scientists graduated. Abram Fedorovich at one time became the "father of Soviet physics."
Short biography of Abram Fedorovich Iofe
The famous scientist was born in 1880 on October 29 in the city of Romny, which was at that time in the Poltava province. His family was friendly and cheerful. When the boy was 9 years old, he entered a real school, which was located in Germany, where mathematical subjects played a significant role. It was here that the physicist received his secondary education and certificate in 1897. Here he met his best friend Stepan Tymoshenko.
After graduating from college in the same year he entered the Technological University of St. Petersburg.
He graduated from it in 1902 and immediately applied to a higher education institution, which was located in Germany, in Munich. Here he began to work, his leader was the German physicist V.K. Roentgen. He taught his ward a lot, and thanks to him, the young scientist Abram Ioffe received the first degree of Doctor of Science.
In 1906, the guy got a job at the Polytechnic Institute, where after 12 years, that is, in 1918, he organized the first physical and mechanical faculty to graduate professional physical engineers.
Abram Ioffe determined the elementary electric charge back in 1911, but he did not use his idea, but the American physicist Millikan. However, he published his work only in 1913, because he wanted to check some nuances. It so happened that the American physicist was able to publish the result earlier, and that is why the name of Millikan, and not Joffe, is mentioned in the experiment.
Joffe's first serious work was a master's thesis, which he defended in 1913. Two years later, in 1915, he wrote and defended his doctorate.
In 1918, he worked as president at the Russian Scientific Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies, and also headed the physics and technology department at this university. Three years later (in 1921) he became the head of the Institute of Physics and Technology, which today is called A.F. Ioffe.
The physicist spent 6 years as chairman of the All-Russian Association of Physicists, starting in 1924. After that, he was the head of the Agrophysical University.
In 1934, Abram and other initiators created a creative club of scientific intelligentsia, and at the beginning of World War II he was appointed head of the meeting of the commission related to military equipment.
In 1942 he was the head of the military engineering commission at the Leningrad City Committee of the CPSU.
At the end of 1950, Abram Fedorovich was removed from his post as head, but in early 1952 he created a semiconductor laboratory at the Department of Physics of NSU, and two years later (1954) organized the Institute of Semiconductors, which turned out to be a profitable business.
Almost 60 years Abram Iofe devoted to physics. During this time, a lot of literature was written, an incredible amount of research was carried out, and several departments and schools were opened that are dedicated to the famous great scientist. A.F. Ioffe died at his workplace in his office on October 14, 1960. He did not quite live up to the round date - 80 years. He was buried in St. Petersburg on the site of the Volkovsky cemetery Literary Bridges.
You see in the photo Abram Ioffe, who has earned the respect of the people because of his mind. After all, so many years have passed since the day of his death, and you can still hear about him in many universities of the country.
Personal life
Abram Fedorovich was married twice. For the first time he had a beloved woman in 1910 - this is Kravtsova Vera Andreevna. She was the first wife of a physicist. They almost immediately had a daughter, Valentina, who eventually followed in the footsteps of her father and became a famous doctor of physical and mathematical sciences, and headed the laboratory at the university of chemistry of silicates. She married a national artist, opera singer S.I. Migai.
Unfortunately, Abram did not stay married for a long time to Vera, and in 1928 he married for the second time Anna Echeistova. She was also a physicist and perfectly understood her husband, his work, attitude to family and friends. That is why the couple lived a long, happy life.
Creative activity
Even in his youth, Ioffe identified for himself the main areas in science. This is the physics of nuclei, polymers and semiconductors. His work became famous in a short time. Joffe dedicated them to the direction of semiconductors.
This area was perfectly developed not only by the physicist himself, but also by his students. Much later, Ioffe created a school of physics, which became famous throughout the country.
Organizational Activities
The name of the scientist is often found in foreign literature, which describes his achievements and the history of promotion. The books also talk about the organizational activities of a physicist, which was quite diverse and multifaceted. Therefore, it is difficult to fully characterize it from all sides.
Ioffe participated in the collegium of NTO VSNH, was on the council of scientists, created the Agrophysical University, the Institute of Semiconductors, and the University of Macromolecular Compounds. In addition, the scientist's organizational activities were visible at the Academy of Sciences, the preparation of congresses and various conferences.
Awards, Titles and Prizes
Physicist Ioffe Abram Fedorovich in 1933 received the honorary title - Honored Scientist of the RSFSR, and in 1955 he was given the title Hero of Socialist Labor on his birthday. He received 3 orders of Lenin (in 1940, 1945, 1955).
Physicists were encouraged posthumously by the Lenin Prize in 1961. For outstanding achievements in the field of science A. Ioffe received the Stalin Prize of the first degree in 1942.
Interesting Facts
In memory of A.F. Ioffe, the great impact crater in the southern hemisphere was given the name of the scientist. He was also named after one major research university in Russia back in 1960, a monument to the scientist was erected in the courtyard of the institute, and a small bust was erected in the assembly hall of the same institution. Not far from the university, where the second building is, there is a memorial plaque on which it is indicated in which years the outstanding scientist worked here.
In memory of Joff, they named one street in Berlin. Not far from the research university there is the famous Academician Ioffe Square. It is not difficult to guess in whose honor she is named.
In the city of Romny is located school number 2, which was once a real school. Now it is named after the great scientist.
In addition, not only in Russia but also in the world there are many picturesque, graphic and sculptural portraits of the physicist, which were depicted by artists at all times.
And until now, many citizens know about this man who made physics much more interesting and brighter.
Bibliography
We reviewed Abram Ioffe's biography briefly. In this case, I would like to mention the literature that the scientist wrote. First of all, it is worth noting the great Soviet encyclopedia. It began to be produced back in 1926. After the death of the physicist, they continued to print it and the last volume was published in 1990.
Much later, after the first volume, in 1957, the book “Physics of Semiconductors” appeared, which describes not only theory, but also the introduction of semiconductors in the national economy.
In addition, Ioffe has a wonderful book "On Physics and Physicists", which describes all the scientific work of the scientist. Most of the book is intended for readers who are interested in the history of creation and research.
The book “Meeting with Physicists” talks about how a scientist met with many Soviet and foreign physicists, they conducted research together, opened institutes and departments.
In addition, there are books that have been dedicated to the great scientist Abram Fedorovich Ioffe. One of them is "Advances in Physical Sciences." This book was dedicated to the 80th anniversary. And in 1950, a collection was released, which was dedicated to the day of the 70th anniversary.
All literature cannot be enumerated, since too much has accumulated. After all, the scientist worked on projects and science for about 60 years.
Conclusion
The biography of Abram Fedorovich Ioffe is amazing. After all, not every person will be able to work on science all his life, conduct some kind of research, open schools, educate people and come up with new physical methods. It was he who showed the people how to give themselves to work, their country and science.
Unfortunately, the scientist could not celebrate his eightieth birthday, but he managed to do a lot. And today, students and their teachers use the methods of the famous physicist Abram Fedorovich Ioffe.