The widest layer of folk culture is oral folk art. His genres are very diverse and specific. These works were invented by representatives of the people and transmitted orally to each other. There were singers and storytellers, and everyone could become a co-creator.
What are the features of folklore?
A feature of oral folklore (folklore) is its ancient origin, because such works were created at a time when there was no written language. Often a lot of people took part in the creation of one work, each during the retelling added something of his own. This is another feature - variability, because even one storyteller or singer could not repeat the works many times without changes.
Everyone knows what oral folk art is. Its genres almost all survived to the present day. Each of them reflects the thoughts and aspirations of the people, their attitude to current events. Ritual folklore occupies a great place in folklore. Although this layer of folk culture is almost unknown now.
What genres is folklore divided into?
- Fairy tales are the most common folklore works. Since ancient times, children grew up in Russian fairy tales. This is of great educational value. Folk tales are imbued with the spirit of patriotism, heroism and faith in the victory of good over evil.
- A large place in folklore takes an epic. It reflects the rich historical experience of the people in the struggle against conquerors and oppressors. The joint efforts of many storytellers gradually evolved a positive image of a hero - a protector and a hero who loves his homeland. The epic works also reflect the traditions of the people and their customs. Tradition is another feature that oral folk art has. Epic genres are epics, legends, historical songs and traditions.
- But the most common are small genres of oral folk art - jokes, proverbs, sayings, tongue twisters, nursery rhymes and riddles. They are very diverse and constantly updated. Even in the modern era, despite the widespread use of writing, new sayings are created, puzzles and tongue twisters are invented.
How is folklore used in raising children?
What genres of folklore have long been used by parents in raising a child? In addition to fairy tales and epics from the birth of babies, nursery rhymes, jokes and songs accompanied. They were used not only to calm and attract the attention of the child. These works are the best way of early development of thinking of kids.
Until now, all mothers sing folk lullabies to children, most of them use nursery rhymes and sentences when dressing, bathing and the first games of babies. Counters, riddles and tongue twisters are very important for the development of a child’s thinking. Teachers, sayings, and ditties are common in children.
Currently, many young people do not know what oral folk art is. His genres, even the most common, began to be forgotten. And the task of parents, educators and teachers is to instill in children a love of folklore as an integral component of popular culture.