For the construction of a building with heavy walls, foundation pillows are used . If you are building a house with a basement, build the foundation of the tape type. The main element in it are the plates. Such pillows are high-tech structures made of concrete and steel reinforcement.
Foundation slabs are suitable for different soils. In order to perform the work efficiently, it is necessary to carefully carry out preparatory measures. First of all, the bottom of the pit is leveled and water is drained. Concrete
drainage wells are built around the building to divert water pressure from it. These wells are connected with special drainage pipes. In those places where more soil was chosen, crushed stone and sand are poured and rammed. Then make a concrete base (5-10 cm) and continue to work after it has completely dried.
Foundation slabs are waterproofed in two layers. Sometimes perform a cement-sand screed on top. Then formwork is built to the height of the slab. Before concreting, a reinforcing cage is performed . The diameter of the reinforcement depends on the design of the building.
If the house is being built in a seismically active area, frames (fittings and foundations) are welded. The thickness of the pillows in this case should be 15-20 cm. The stiffeners are concreted immediately. In regions with deep freezing, foundation slabs are used, the dimensions of which should be 20-25 cm.
Work with concrete in the cold season is carried out at a temperature not lower than -15 ⁰. Concrete is laid on foundation slabs with the help of a deep vibrator, and then it is leveled. The formwork is removed after the concrete sets and gains strength.
Base plates GOST 13580 increase the area of support, and therefore strengthen the building. They have high demands. Marking is also carried out according to certain standards. In the first group (PL), the letters mean the length (round off), width and name of the structure. The second group indicates the bearing capacity of the pillow. For example, the letter P indicates reduced permeability. “O” means low, and “H” means normal permeability.
For foundations, concrete of the M300 brand is used, and special modifiers are added to increase the frost resistance of the composition. Reinforced concrete pillows are the most popular in construction. The material has the following advantages:
- profitability;
- the possibility of reducing the volume of work;
- reduction in concrete volume;
- reduction of labor costs.
Types of pillows:
In order to find out what dimensions foundation slabs should have, preliminary calculations are necessary. Determine the width of the pillow as follows. First, find out the weight of the building and what pressure the soil can withstand. By simple calculations establish the required width of the plates.
Residential buildings are erected on cross monolithic tapes. They are interconnected, forming a continuous (box) structure. In modern design, the foundation and all the costs of materials are calculated. This allows you to significantly reduce costs and achieve a solid structure in any climatic conditions.