A well-cultivated field makes it possible to increase crop yields, get rid of weeds, and prevent soil erosion.
Autumn and presowing treatment of the field
To determine the right method of tillage, you need to consider:
- soil composition and density;
- terrain
- clogged area;
- the crop that occupied the field the previous year.
Processing is autumnal (autumn) and preplanting (spring).
Before plowing, the soil is peeling. At the same time, the vegetation remaining after harvesting is crushed and plunged into the ground along with weeds that have grown stronger after harvesting. Soon, part of the remaining grains sprouts, covering the treated field with a green carpet. What is the name of the method of their destruction? Provocation. After all, seedlings provoked by peeling will disappear after plowing. And not sprouted grains, falling deep into the ground, lose their germination in 4-5 years (some in 2 years).
Usually the field is discovated once, but if the predecessor was perennial grass, then you need to go twice in different directions.
Light soils plow in early September. Severe - in early August. Fields with a slope of more than 7 degrees are processed across the slope so that the soil is not washed away by water flows.
In the spring the field is fertilized and cultivated: harrowed, cultivated and plowed. Organics are introduced after thawing the soil by 10 cm and the area is treated with discs. Mineral fertilizers - before plowing or loosening. In this case, the treated field gets rid of the surface crust, reducing the evaporation of moisture. Another part of the weeds is dying. Fertilizers get to where the root system of plants will subsequently develop.
How to deal with perennial weeds
To combat weeds having a long rhizome (pink thistle , bindweed), a depletion method is used. The roots of plants are systematically pruned. In the garden, this can be done manually. It is more difficult to apply this method on the field, especially with early autumnal plowing.
Not so long ago they were able to overcome the wheat grass creeping, covering the treated field with solid stems. What is the name of this radical method? Strangulation. Wheatgrass deserves this, because its shoots grow with terrible force. It turns out that at a depth of 20 cm, the germination of rhizomes almost stops. If during active growth the field is discovated and plowed using skimmers, the number of this annoying weed will be significantly reduced.
What weed fields are treated with
These methods are quite effective. But if in the spring for some reason you had a poorly cultivated field, then all the weeds will remain. They will have to be fought with the help of herbicides, which are divided into:
Selective act only on weeds. Cultivated plants are not damaged. May be applied to the treated field after germination of the main crop.
Non-selective ones act on all plants that they hit, except for genetically modified ones. They cultivate a field where only weeds grow, after harvesting or in early spring.
The following continuous herbicides are distinguished:
Contact affect only that part of the plant where the herbicide got. They quickly destroy annual weeds. In the systemic, the active substance gradually moves to the growth points, causing them to die. Well removes wheat grass, sow thistle.
Weed control is costly and troublesome. But the result is worth it.