If there is a private pool in the courtyard of your house, then in the morning it is especially nice to receive a charge of good mood and energy. In cool water, you can restore strength, and if it warms up in the summer sun - relax after a busy day. In the summer season, you can refresh yourself in such an artificial pond. If you want to deal with the construction of the pool, you should first familiarize yourself with its main types and options, the range of which is truly impressive.
Before starting work, you must decide how problematic it will be for you to take care of the structure, how often you plan to use it, and what equipment you plan to supplement. All this will affect the choice of a particular pool and the material in its basis.
Types of time of use
According to the seasonal purpose, winter and summer artificial reservoirs are distinguished. They are also covered, in this case you can use the pool, regardless of the time of year. A home indoor pond has some advantages. First, water does not need to be cleaned often. Secondly, caring for such a pool is quite simple. Thirdly, you will have the opportunity to save energy. However, it is better to foresee the design before the construction of the house, because interference with the structure may be unsafe in terms of the strength and stability of the building.
If you need a swimming pool, but it was not provided for by the house project, the construction of an extension or the construction of a separate room on the site will be a good option for its construction. If you visit the cottage exclusively in the summer, then you will take part in swimming in the fresh air. But such a pond needs careful care and protection from pollution by insects, street dust, and also foliage of trees. But you can protect the water and facilitate cleaning with a canopy. The surface of the reservoir for the same purpose is closed with a solar film after bathing in the summer.
Types of construction method
Before installing the pool, you might think what the structure will be - superficial or buried. Recessed concrete pits are the most common solution when creating dacha pools of an impressive volume. Among the advantages should be highlighted:
- durability;
- reliability;
- strength.
Semi-buried or raised versions are installed in a foundation partially recessed into the ground. Structures are suitable when using a finished bowl or prefabricated structure, when the wall height is not more than 1.5 m.
Types by design features
The device of the pool will be carried out by different technologies depending on the design features. Artificial ponds can be skimmer or overflow. The difference lies in the purification and circulation of water. In the first type, the water level is 20 cm below the edge. The most contaminated upper third of the liquid is removed by a skimmer. The lower layers are cleaned with filters.
In overflow pools, the water surface coincides with the side or floor. Cleaning is carried out by trellised troughs and filtering capacity. Overflow pools are more convenient to operate, and they look respectable and stylish, but they cost more than skimmer pools.
Features of the device: materials
The device of the pool is carried out after selecting the type of design and type of material that will form the basis of the bowl. The durability and reliability of the structure will depend on this. The most traditional is the technology, which involves the use of concrete monolithic tanks, buried in the ground or under the floor. This technique is the most costly, but the most reliable. From concrete, a durable and durable pond of any depth, size and configuration is obtained.
The only way to install a pool in a constructed building is a concrete structure. When arranging a swimming pool of this type, any decor can be used. It can be a mosaic ornament or tile facing. In such a pond, an overflow or skimmer gutter can be arranged. Creating a tank, you will need to prepare the foundation pit of the desired shape, lay the fittings with formwork and pour the solution. The construction cycle will take a lot of time, the work is complicated, and construction equipment and the help of professionals can not be done.
Fiberglass use
The device of the swimming pool can be carried out using fiberglass. This material forms the basis of the composite bowl. The capacity is elastic, wear-resistant, durable and surpasses concrete and steel structures in many respects.
Composite fiberglass containers do not undergo cracking, eliminate moisture leakage and have low thermal conductivity. Based on this, it can be noted that the overspending of electricity is excluded. Before installing a pool in the house, you should also think about the features of its operation.
As for fiberglass structures, they are smooth and inert, which prevents the growth of bacteria and the growth of algae. Such a reservoir will be expensive, but its installation will not take much time, and the service life is almost unlimited. The bowl can be set independently if desired.
Use of polypropylene and stainless steel
If you want to save, then you can use polypropylene, which is one of the budget options. Such designs are suitable for outdoor use. Bowls can have a variety of sizes and shapes; they are made from a harmless polymer. It is thermoplastic and has shock resistance, high mechanical stability and tightness.
The pool is installed in a prepared foundation pit, in which the concrete bottom is pre-poured. The polypropylene form for a shallow pond is built in a semi-deep or raised way. The bowl does not require additional decoration. The construction can take from several days to a week. When arranging a pool in a house, stainless steel is often used. She looks modern and stylish. Its properties allow you to make a bowl of any size and shape. Inside, you can install equipment in the form of:
- massage devices;
- geysers;
- backlight.
Together with stainless steel tanks, an overflow or skimmer type of filtration can be used. The bowl does not need decoration. Pond modules can be installed independently in a short time. A pond is expensive, but a similar disadvantage is compensated by high hygienic qualities, reliability and economical operation.
Rules of operation and maintenance of the pool
The design and operation of the pool is not an easy task. This applies to both private and public construction. The system needs regular care and maintenance. The process of using the pool should be fun and not harm the person. Water should be hygienically flawless and transparent.
The basics of service are:
- troubleshooting;
- preventing the appearance of mineral deposits and contaminants in the bowl;
- water quality control;
- verification of robotic systems.
The design and operation of the pool must be taken seriously. Among one-time events, you need to highlight:
- cleansing bowls anti-algae treatment;
- preservation and preparation for use.
To clean the bottom and walls, moisten them with water if the bowl has stood empty for a long time. Modern coatings are quite durable, and they are not so easily damaged by mechanical stress, but moistening can facilitate cleaning. This process is technological, and it is better to use special equipment to remove contaminants. It can be guns for applying foamed means, pumps for pumping dirty water, rotary machines for cleaning the bottom.
If due to the high content of salts in the liquid a white coating appeared on the walls, then it is unlikely to wipe it off with a brush. A special limescale remover should be used. The use of household chemicals is not recommended, as they are often ineffective and contribute to the emergence and growth of microorganisms, as well as algae in tile joints. In this regard, there is a risk of damage to the stainless steel product if you do not protect it from cleaning agents.
After installing the pool on the site, it is better to take care of it in a timely manner, excluding the costly and time-consuming cleaning procedure using a variety of devices and tools after a long time. Among the comprehensive measures should be highlighted surface treatment against algae. After cleaning, a special solution should be applied to the walls and bottom, which eliminates the appearance of living microorganisms. Such a procedure should be carried out before each filling of the pool. If it is not used all year round, then before closing for the winter and opening in the summer, the pool is prepared for stopping or starting.
As for open containers, they are cleaned and treated with means before the onset of cold weather. In water, it is necessary to drown expansion joints and close the bowl with a protective cover. It is important to know how the filters are maintained. Good condition is the key to safety and frequency capacitance. Filters are subjected to high loads, they work even if the pool is not used, otherwise bacteria and algae can begin to multiply in the water, the liquid will become cloudy and get an unpleasant odor. Filters must be washed; this procedure should be carried out regularly. These works are performed once a week.
Features of the device overflow type bowls
The device overflow basin provides for the preparation of the foundation pit of the desired shape. The technology provides for waterproofing and grouting. It is important to provide for the presence of a compensation tank, the volume of which will be 10% of the volume of water for the pool. The capacity of the main pool can be concrete or finished, made of PVC. It is convenient and reduces financial costs.
A pool filter device of this type is somewhat different. A skimmer is not needed here. Water will be supplied through nozzles at the bottom, and a tray with a grill will be installed around the perimeter. The liquid will fall into the tray during overflow, and then into the reserve tank. After filtering, it will be fed through the nozzle data to the pool. The device of the pool equipment provides for the installation of a pipe that is supplied to the pit before concreting the bowl. It is supplied with return nozzles, and the height is calculated so that after pouring it remains above the concrete surface. The thickness of the finishing material should be added to this value.
Around the perimeter of the bowl is a gutter, which is then closed with a decorative grill. At its bottom there are drain holes through which the liquid enters the pipe during overflow. It leads to the pool and overflow tank. When installing a pool in a private house using this technology, an additional filter station is installed at the entrance. It should be mounted at the overflow pipe level. This provides clarification of the liquid during overflow.
An overflow reserve tank is installed under the pit, and pipes from it should go to the bottom and the filter station. From the last pipe goes to the pool, an insert is made to it, from the dispenser and disinfector. Next is the installation of pumping equipment. Near the pool, you can install a control panel that will be responsible for turning on and off the equipment. With it, you can monitor the purification of water and control the filtering.
Work on the sink
When installing a pool drain, you can use the simplest technology, which involves bringing the pipe to the sewer. To do this, it is necessary to install the drain in the pool, connect it to the sewer and lay the pipes, laying them in the right direction and with a certain slope. The liquid will leave faster if the pipe diameter is selected correctly and the distance to the sewage system is minimized. If you use a small pool, then drain from it can be provided on the beds. If the structure is located on a small slope or near a drainage ditch, the procedure is simplified. The relief valve opens, and from it the hose is discharged to the desired location. Waste water after that will come from the tank by gravity, and it will be possible to replace it with clean one.
When installing the pool in the bathhouse for draining, you can also use a medium-power pump, which will convert water into pressure for watering beds and flower beds. Water can also drain into a septic tank. But experts do not recommend the conclusion in this way, because the cesspool and septic tank can be filled at a time. The outlet can be a drain into a special hole for draining sewage, which is dug to a depth below the level of the tank. It is advisable to reach a sand and gravel layer of soil. The contents of the structure in this case will go away faster if you use the pit for its intended purpose.
Cleaning device
A pool cleaning device is the use of one of the methods known today. Among others, an automatic mechanical method should be highlighted. It involves the use of filters, the principle of which is based on passing liquids through barriers. Water is freed from organic and mechanical impurities, particles of the epidermis, hair, dust and insects.
Filtering devices can be classified. Filters are available in different forms; they can be diatom, sand and cartridge. The most affordable are sand filters, which are the least effective among their more expensive counterparts. The filtering material in such devices is quartz sand, which is prepared and retains mechanical particles with a size of more than 25 microns.
Hygienic requirements for the design of swimming pools say that the sand barrier becomes contaminated over time, so it requires cleaning once a week. For this, the device undergoes the return passage of water, so that the filter material is washed with purified water.
Cartridge filters consist of several cartridges of polypropylene and polyester. They contribute to thorough water purification, due to design features. Filters capture foreign particles, they work more efficiently than the above and are more expensive. Cartridge filters are designed for single use, after which they are disposed of.
Earth or diatom filters are some of the most expensive, but effective and modern. They are intended for mechanical cleaning. The inside of the filter device is filled with crushed powder from diatom shells. This is fossil plankton. Diatom powder is the most effective way to purify water, because it is able to retain particles up to 5 microns. To clean the diatom filter, you can use the reverse cleaning method or purchase a liquid product that is used to dissolve contaminants in bulk material.
Hygienic requirements for the design of swimming pools involve the use of hand-held vacuum cleaners, which are the most inexpensive of the existing cleaning options. Such devices are simple, and the design includes a handle bar, brush and a long hose. Such a vacuum cleaner has one distinctive feature, which is that the electrical equipment remains on the surface and does not immerse in water. Hand-held vacuum cleaners are not autonomous; they work in conjunction with filter units.
What is a reeling device for?
A pool rewinder can be a real salvation for many owners of such artificial ponds. Similar constructions are floating shelters of a water mirror. It excludes hit of leaves and dust if it is an open bowl. Water evaporation is reduced, which reduces the load on the dehumidifier and ventilation system.
A rewinder can reduce energy costs for heating water. , . , , , . , . . .
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It is necessary to lay hydraulic communications and provide for the possibility of draining the liquid. To do this, a slope is made, which should be directed towards the drain hole. Next, a pillow is set up, it will consist of gravel and sand, but high-quality concrete pouring should be ensured. The pillow will consist of crushed stone, as well as sand, which are well compacted and have a height of 350 mm.
The waterproofing of the pool involves the protection of the bottom. Typically, roofing material is used as a material, which is laid with an overlap of 200 mm. It is better to lay it in several layers. Additionally, you can use liquid rubber, bitumen or lubricants. An excellent alternative would be a PVC membrane. Then you can start pouring the first layer of concrete. It is prepared from:
- cement;
- water;
- sand;
- crushed stone.
Each of these ingredients is added in the following volumes:
- 325 kg;
- 170 l;
- 625 kg;
- 1250 kg.
This amount of materials will be enough to prepare one cubic meter of concrete mix. For concrete, you can use concrete grade B25, while for the bowl itself is suitable hydraulic concrete. If no concrete is available, C500 grade cement can be used. After completing all the work, the base of the bowl will be a kind of cake made of soil, sand, gravel, concrete, cement mortar, a layer of waterproofing and a reinforced concrete bowl.
The bottom should be reinforced with a steel bar, laying reinforcement in two tiers. Bricks should be placed under the reinforcement so that rods remain in the middle of the concrete mortar. After the armoframe is installed, the bottom of the pool is poured with a solution. At the same time, the presence of voids with air should be avoided, which will contribute to a decrease in surface quality.
Then you can proceed with the installation of formwork. The material for this will be a wooden board. The next step will be to fill the pool bowl, after which you can do the device steps. If a metal staircase is not provided, and the procedure for immersion in water should be smooth, it is better to make the steps concrete. The formwork under them is installed when the concrete bowl is ready. To do this, it is better to use plywood, since it can be used to create bent forms, and additional cleaning is not required.
Finally
If you decide to install a pool in your house or in a summer cottage, then the best material for this will be concrete. The inner surface of the bowl from it can be sanded with a special machine. Do not forget about waterproofing, for this a special liquid solution is applied to the surface of the container, between which the reinforcing fabric is laid in the form of a mesh.