Living in your own country house is the dream of almost everyone. This is especially true for urban residents. What materials can be at home? Brick, expanded clay block, log, timber and many others - these building materials are chosen for the construction of their own homes. Bar-shaped houses are one of the most popular in today's market. This is due to the simplest construction technology, significant savings in the purchase of materials. It is possible to build such a home yourself, even without the involvement of specialists. In quality and comfort, life in a timber house will not be inferior to a brick one. It is only necessary to properly design, build, finish and insulate it.
The benefits of timber
The main advantage of a timber house is that the foundation for it can be lightweight: columnar, pile, tape. The structure is not as heavy as, for example, a brick one, so it makes no sense to go deep into the ground.
A timber house does not require prolonged shrinkage. It is enough for him to stand for one year. And at the same time, it is possible to carry out insulation and finishing works in it. You can’t say the same about brick buildings that “settle” for 2-3 years, and no work in them is possible.
Thermal conductivity at home
Wood has one distinctive feature - the optimal ratio of its heat capacity and thermal conductivity. What can not be said about brick (too large) or frame structures (too little). For example, it looks like this. Everyone, household appliances, lighting - everything gives off heat. About 1.3 kW of waste heat is obtained per day from these sources. The brick walls will swallow him and let him out. Aerated concrete rooms will have to be ventilated. And only a tree will evenly distribute it in its space.
Another advantage
Periodic freezing or heating will in no way affect the mechanical properties and geometry of the tree, if it is properly prepared for construction. The bar has very thin pores. They do not allow water to freeze even at very low temperatures, which can not be said about a brick or aerated concrete house. If the last 2-3 years only heat a little, then the walls will become damp, and after about 3-5 seasons they will begin to crumble. A wooden house can not be heated for a long time, its qualities will not change. After the heat is started, 2-4 hours are enough for warming up. Stone will take several days. Currently, you can still find log cabins that have stood uninhabited for more than 50 years. Their walls are in good condition, allowing you to immediately move in after cosmetic repairs.
Projects of houses from timber
Projects of timber houses can be a great many. Everyone can design their own housing. It is enough to know the necessary parameters and be able to use paper and pencil or a special computer program. If there are no skills in this, you can contact specialized firms.
If the land on which it is planned to build a house is small, then it makes sense to design a two-story house. On the ground floor you can arrange a kitchen, living room, bathroom, hallway, and bedrooms on the second. If the scale of the earth allows and in the house there is no desire to climb the stairs, then a one-story building will look great. If you wish, you can plan a garage under one roof with a house and other useful rooms.
When designing a timber house, one should take into account the time for which it will be designed: summer or year-round. The necessary thickness of the chosen bar for walls depends on this. You can also build a simple Finnish house in architecture - a one-story or two-story building. In the latter, heat is better retained due to the increased circulation of air flows.
Stages of building a house
A timber house (photo provided below) is being built in several stages. Such material allows you to perform many work yourself. The walls are perfectly flat, finishing is much easier. It is necessary to choose the right type of timber. It is glued, ordinary, profiled. Glued - assembled from boards, the cheapest type of timber. Normal is a calibrated log with a square or rectangular cross section. The most modern and expensive - profiled timber with a polished surface, eliminating the penetration of moisture. After creating a house project and purchasing all the necessary building materials, you can proceed to the first stage of construction - the foundation.
Foundation preparation and pouring
The construction of timber houses, like almost all other immovable buildings, begins with the foundation. First, marking is applied to the site in accordance with the developed plan. Then a trench is excavated with a depth of at least 60 cm. Gravel and sand are poured onto the bottom of the pit, each 10 cm high. After that, formwork is created from the boards along the perimeter. For pouring, concrete of a grade not lower than M400 is required, which is mixed in certain proportions with water. When pouring in the mixture there should be no air bubbles. The finished foundation (depending on the weather) will dry for about a month. Then you can proceed to the next stage - the construction of the walls of a frame-timber house.
Floor device
After the foundation has dried, a waterproofing layer is installed on it, which is a roofing material. The formwork is removed. Then the first crown and logs of the floor are laid. It is worth paying attention that at this stage it is especially important to establish everything smoothly and soak with an antiseptic that protects against moisture. The adjoining lag is carried out by the dovetail method. This allows the interlocking boards to be in the same plane. To do this, the end of one bar is equipped with a spike, and the second - of the same size groove.
Poles are installed under the floor logs, excluding their bending. They themselves are placed on the edge with a step of about 40-100 cm. The greater the load on the floor, the smaller should be the width of the step. After that, the boards of the rough floor are stuffed, on top of which - the finish coating. Paul is ready.
Building walls of a house
The walls of the house are erected by crowns of timber. They are fastened in the same manner as described above. The exception is the profiled beam, which already has ready-made grooves. Every 2-3 crowns the beam is fastened with the help of pins. Internal walls are being erected simultaneously with external ones. Ceiling beams cut into the last erected crown. During the construction of a house of 2-3 floors, the floors overlap the crowns. At this stage, openings for windows and doors should also be made.
Roof
During the construction of the roof, the same beam is used as when erecting the floor. A rafter system and a temporary roof under a certain slope are built on it. She will stand for six months until the house shrinks. After the layers of thermal insulation and waterproofing are laid. The top is covered with finishing material, which is selected individually by the owner. It can be a metal tile, ondulin, corrugated board, slate.
Warming
Separately, it must be said about the insulation of a timber house. You can’t do without it if you do not want to freeze in the cold season. In addition, insulation materials significantly reduce the cost of heating a house. With external insulation, the internal space will not decrease.
Among the materials suitable for insulation are distinguished: mineral wool, polystyrene foam, foam substances. To do this, a lath is installed on the walls of the house, where insulation sheets are laid. Separately, it should be said about polystyrene foam. Compared with other materials, it is much cheaper. At the same time, it is lightweight, without burdening the construction of the house.
Finish finish
After completion of all the above processes, engineering communications are brought to the house, internal and external decoration is performed. Exterior decoration of a timber house can be from inexpensive siding or more expensive materials. By the way, the natural beauty of the tree itself does not require decoration. You can simply tint it with the help of special solutions.