On a suburban area, which is located far from the city limits, there should be a sewage system. It can be created not only to meet household needs, but also to perform other functions.
Types of sewers
Today there are several types of sewers:
- stock;
- rain;
- drainage and so on.
The sewerage is also divided into:
The diameter of the sewer pipes and their choice depends on these technical characteristics.
Types of pipes
In order to make a sewer in a suburban area, you must initially determine the choice of pipes for it. There are several varieties of them:
- plastic;
- metal;
- ceramic;
- cast iron.
Each of these types has its own technical characteristics and properties. Their classifications and methods of use are also different. The diameter of all types of sewer pipes is also different, but in some product versions it may be similar. Their surface can also be different:
Characteristics of plastic sewage pipes
Sewer plastic pipes are made of various materials:
- polyvinyl chloride;
- polypropylene;
- polyethylene.
Polyethylene pipes are made from raw materials with a fairly dense structure. They can be used for external and internal sewerage.
The advantages of plastic pipes
At the moment, this type of pipe for the construction of sewage is used most often. The popularity of such products is due not only to low cost, but also to excellent properties and characteristics.
Plastic pipes:
- do not corrode;
- durable;
- reliable;
- durable
- wear resistant;
- frost resistant;
- fire resistant;
- easy to install.
The main advantage of plastic pipes is that they do not rust and cannot be exposed to weather and climatic conditions. They withstand quite significant loads. For this reason, they can be mounted under the ground at great depths.
In some cases, experts recommend using sleeve technology when installing plastic sewer pipes into the ground. It involves placing one pipe in another, which is larger in diameter. By the same principle, you can perform the insulation of any pipe.
Mounting pipes made of plastic and fastening them together is quite simple. For this, special equipment and fittings are used. It is also worth considering that the internal diameter of PVC sewer pipes is different from the external. For this reason, it is worth choosing fittings based on the outer volume of the pipe.
If plastic pipes go deep into the ground, then it is necessary to initially check for leaks.
The long life of such products is ensured by the dense plastic structure. Pipes do not burn and are not exposed to high temperatures. Due to frost, they will not deform, but the water in them may freeze. For this reason, it is worth considering the insulation of sewer pipes, which are placed above the level of freezing of the soil.
The diameter of PVC sewer pipes is selected based on what type of sewage is being built on a suburban area. If these are simple drains, then you can choose a small one. If this is a storm sewer, then the diameter of the pipe should be significant so that the passage of water is not delayed .
Diameter of plastic elements
The diameters of sewer plastic pipes are quite diverse. Their choice depends on the type of sewage system, which can be external and internal.
For the arrangement of internal sewage, pipes with a diameter of 32 to 110 mm are used. For the outside, pipes are used, the diameter of which is 110 and 160 mm.
For external sewage, a plastic sewer pipe is best suited. 110 - diameter, which would be the best option.
Characteristics of metal sewer pipes
For the arrangement of sewage waste, this type is not often used. This is due to the fact that the metal undergoes corrosion, especially if it is in the ground. Also, a plaque will form inside the pipe over time, which reduces its inner diameter and thereby complicates its patency.
According to their technical characteristics, metal pipes:
- durable;
- resistant to any load.
At the same time, they warm up well and freeze.
Ceramic pipes in the sewage system
These sewer pipes are mainly used for the construction of external sewers. The diameter of ceramic sewer pipes can be from 150 to 600 mm.
Product Features:
- resistance to groundwater;
- frost resistance;
- fire resistance;
- practicality;
- durability;
- strength;
- reliability.
The principle of their installation and fastening together is similar to the installation and connection of cast-iron pipes.
Cast iron sewer pipes
Cast iron is a material that has been used for the manufacture of water and sewer pipes for many years. He managed to prove himself in the production of these products as the most practical and reliable raw materials. Cast iron pipes can be used to equip any type of sewer. This is their main advantage.
Technical characteristics of cast iron pipes
Although this type of product is not used very often in sewage construction, cast-iron pipes have their own characteristics. These include:
- resistance to corrosion;
- fire resistance;
- frost resistance;
- wear resistance;
- strength;
- duration of operation.
It is also worth considering that the diameter of the cast-iron sewer pipe can be any. Use it for the construction of both internal and external sewers. The service life of the cast-iron pipe is at least 80 years.
Quite often, the diameter of the cast-iron sewer pipe is 150 or 200 mm for the sewage system of a private house.
In addition to the known advantages, there is one drawback. The surface of such structures, both outside and inside, is rough. Over time, it can cause a blockage in the sewer.
Less popular sewer pipes
In addition to standard types, there are others that do not yet have such popularity in use, but also have good technical properties.
They include pipes:
- reinforced concrete:
- fiberglass;
- asbestos-cement.
Reinforced concrete is most often used to equip a central sewage system. Although cases of their application on a suburban area in the central pipe, which combines several sewage, are not excluded. They are strong and reliable. Despite this, they are able to deteriorate over time under the influence of a humid environment. In addition, reinforced concrete pipes have a large mass, which greatly complicates their installation with their own hands.
Reinforced concrete sewer pipe, the diameter of which is 100 mm, weighs about 50-60 kg. For this reason, its installation is carried out by special equipment.
Fiberglass pipes are also not very popular. They are not too durable, but they are not able to be exposed to moisture. They can also be used in the construction of internal and external sewers, but do not immerse them in the ground. Their structure, although solid, is free to deform under heavy loads. The diameter of this type of sewer pipe may be different, but the most popular is 200 mm.
Asbestos-cement pipes for sewerage are also not often used. They are lighter than reinforced concrete. They have similar technical properties and characteristics. These are fragile sewer pipes. The diameter of 100 mm is considered the smallest. The wall thickness is from 2 to 3 cm. They are difficult to install. For work, special equipment is used. Although in some cases, the installation of a sewer system from asbestos-cement pipes is carried out independently.