Social subsidy - state support to a needy individual or legal entity, which is manifested in material form. Subsidies are regulated by law. At the same time, the Housing Code of the Russian Federation only confirms the need to provide assistance to a person, and the form and procedure for rendering are clearly described in legal acts for each category of citizens and relevant acts of constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
Definition
State subsidies are a form of social support. It turns out to legal entities and individuals after they provide all the required information about their needs. When receiving subsidies from the state, it is important to remember the main features:
- Support is provided free of charge, that is, it is not necessary to return it back.
- It is allocated to a person only for the fulfillment of specific goals, and can be used to finance a specific goal and to satisfy the needs prescribed by law.
- It is distinguished by the nature of shared financing - when providing support, not only the state, but also the regional budget takes part in the process.
All information on the procedure for issuing funds is prescribed in the legislation, the main features of the described process are listed in the Budget Code of the country and in the Federal Law “On State Social Assistance”.
Forms
What subsidies can I get from the state? This type of social support can be used for the following purposes:
- to assist disabled people;
- payment of housing services;
- home purchases;
- creating your own business subject to official unemployment;
- support for a young family;
- payment of long or expensive treatment.
Who can get the budget of the country?
In Russia, certain groups of people can receive social assistance. These include:
- low-income citizens;
- officially unemployed;
- families who need to improve their housing conditions;
- Persons who have been awarded insignia or status of beneficiary;
- persons who have suffered due to a man-made or natural disaster.
Support for low-income families
Most of the state aid goes to support low-income or unprotected citizens of the country. This may include:
- young families;
- Families with two or more children
- disabled people or families in which there is such a person;
- pensioners.
All described groups can receive support from the state to meet certain needs and goals. A low-income citizen or family is considered to be a family whose total income per person is below the minimum subsistence level established in a particular region or in a country in general.
Subsidy levels
Not only citizens can receive state assistance, but also enterprises of various forms of ownership. There are two main types of subsidies:
- inter-budget - assistance is redirected from the state budget to the local one;
- targeted assistance provided to individuals and legal entities.
From this we can understand that between the subjects of power and the state there is a kind of mechanism in which everything is interconnected. An administrative system has been developed, which the state strictly follows - there are several budgets of different levels that collect taxes and duties for further transfer to the state budget. But, of course, all regions and regions have their own tax fees. There are both profitable areas and areas that need special attention and assistance.
All the funds that come from the budgets of unsecured regions are then redistributed between the poor regions, which ensures the restoration of the economic balance in the country. Surcharge in the form of social support from the state and is considered a subsidy. Because of this system of collection and distribution, subsidies are often called co-financing, that is, co-financing of state projects and the local budget of the region.
The same principle is used to redistribute taxes and income to those in need of assistance. There is a certain category of population that is in urgent need of support. It is she who gets the full or partial payment for services and acquisitions. Assistance is usually made through the local budget, although direct support comes from the state.
Special social assistance programs may also exist at the regional level. Local administrative organizations bring in their work and control their activity.
What types of subsidies do they allot?
What subsidies can I get from the state? Support consists of the following benefits:
- Direct - this is a form of material security. Most often, assistance is provided in the form of a monetary grant for organizing the work of a new enterprise or launching a new research of scientists.
- Indirect. They represent a reduction in the price of the provided service, partial or complete abolition of the obligatory payment, assistance in purchasing the necessary objects or things. In most cases, residents receive exactly this type of subsidy. All financial resources from subsidies are redirected from the budget to the recipient. Support for individuals is characterized by the ability to not pay half the amount when buying an enterprise or equipment for its operation - the state budget is responsible for this.
- Cross-subsidies represent the redistribution of funds from the state budget between sectors of the economy. This form of state subsidies is actively used in the national economy.
Depending on the area where the subsidies are redirected, they can be:
- social;
- agrarian;
- housing;
- communal;
- business development.
Bills for subsidies are developed by the supreme authority of Russia, and sectoral programs are implemented by specific local administrations and ministries.
Business development
To receive subsidies from the state for business development, you should contact the city administration. As part of a special program operating in the territory of forty Russian cities, grants in the amount of 160 to 300 thousand rubles are given to beginning entrepreneurs.
If a state program is operating in the region, then the entrepreneur needs to act according to the following scheme:
- Register as an individual entrepreneur or co-founder of a legal entity (no more than a year must pass from the moment of registration).
- When applying for an ongoing project, you need to invest at least forty percent of personal finances or provide the authorities with relevant documents that will confirm the availability of such an amount for investing subsidies from the state in small businesses.
- At the time of registration, the future entrepreneur should be included in one of the following groups: students, retired military personnel, invalids, doctors or unemployed who are registered at this time.
- When submitting a request for business subsidies from the state, one of the following activities can be selected: catering, construction or creation of building materials, travel agency, wood processing, entertainment organization, maintenance of household appliances, hotel business, organization for the development of modern innovations.
After you need to perform the following steps:
- Provide a business plan on the form.
- Invest in the development of your finances in the amount determined by the Government Decree in your area.
- Take the course "Fundamentals of Entrepreneurship" in an organization with a license.
- In accordance with all the instructions of the Decree, prepare all the documentation and give it to the organization in accordance with the established procedure together with the application for the provision of subsidies.
Who will not be able to get
Foreign citizens, gambling organizations, participants in profit-sharing agreements, insurance companies, credit agencies, pawnshops, stock market organizers, manufacturers and sellers of excisable products that mine and process minerals cannot receive business subsidies from the state. territory of the country.
Also, the needy may not receive a subsidy if he has already managed to receive the same type of assistance from the state and the time of its action has not expired or the entrepreneur’s finances were not invested or prepared on the date of application. There is another case where a grant from the state cannot be obtained: an enterprise is organized on a new one, is being liquidated, is in the process of bankruptcy or has outstanding debt.
All financial assistance should be used only for specific purposes, for which the IP or YL is fully responsible. If the fact of the unfair use of the subsidy comes up, a decision may be made to refund the amount given to the needy. If after twelve months not all has been used up, the commission may request that the balance be returned.
State subsidy to a young family
Funds may be allocated from the state budget to support a young family. The amount of subsidies from the state for the purchase of housing will be up to thirty percent of the cost of a house or apartment and up to 35 percent if a young family has already had a baby.
Subsidies issued by the state can be used to purchase both primary and secondary housing. But there are two rules: a couple should not be registered in the house, but at the same time have a sufficient amount of funds. But far from every settlement has a program to help young families, in this case, local authorities make their own decisions that directly depend on the size of the budget.
Which young families receive subsidies from the state budget? Spouses must be citizens of the Russian Federation and be officially registered in marriage. The husband and wife must be under the age of 35, and at least one of the spouses must have a permanent residence permit in the region where the application for state social assistance will be submitted.
To be included in the program, you need to prove that there is a real need to improve housing conditions. To do this, take the square meters assigned to each spouse and stack them. At the same time, it does not matter to the bodies controlling the transfer of subsidies that the spouse is registered with the parents, is the owner of the calculated area, or has only the right of constant registration. Only those spouses who have a smaller number of square meters than established by law can think about receiving state aid.
The second important condition is to confirm the solvency of the couple. Subsidies provided by the state will be able to cover only a third of the total cost of the purchased apartment or house. The remaining parts will have to be paid by spouses on their own. The size of the confirmed income directly depends on the price of the apartment. Of course, in Moscow and other major cities of the country, the cost of housing will be much higher. Confirm the financial position by the following methods:
- Bank approved loan
- bank statement;
- maternity capital;
- a certificate of the availability of real estate or a car.
If a young family complies with all the criteria, then she can go to the Department of Housing Policy, in which she will be told in detail about all the necessary certificates and documents.
By law, the administration must make a final decision within ten days. But in practice, everything happens differently. Some have to wait for the result for two months. Provide the organization with the following documents:
- application for state support;
- Marriage certificate;
- certificate of family composition;
- extract from the house book and the invoice for the apartment in which one of the spouses is registered;
- copies and originals of documents proving the identity of the spouse;
- an act that confirms that a young couple needs to improve their housing conditions;
- documents indicating the presence of a steady income.
What to do?
How to get a subsidy for an apartment from the state? For starters, it is important to get the status of the needy. These in the issuance of new housing include those citizens of the Russian Federation who have lived in their city for more than ten years and occupy an area below the norm established by law. Moreover, each particular city has its own standards, for example, ten square meters in Moscow, nine square meters in St. Petersburg.
Another condition that must be fulfilled is to confirm the status of the poor. In Moscow, this category of citizens includes those who could not save up for an apartment in twenty years, putting aside all funds, excluding the cost of living. At the same time, all property, even movable property, is recorded.
To receive a housing subsidy from the state, you need to prepare all income statements of family members, including yours, a marriage or divorce certificate, documents for existing property, its assessment, transport documents. If a person does not have a car or real estate, then information about this will be needed.
After the status of a poor person is confirmed, the writing of the corresponding application will begin, the collection of the required documentation and the transfer of everything to the administration. If the commission approves, then the person will be included in the queue. Every year a citizen will have to confirm his status as a poor.
If his income level suddenly increases, then he will be immediately removed from the queue. It is sometimes necessary to stand in line for 20 years. All this time you need to remain poor and live in an area that is less than the norm registered in documents. Before applying for a subsidy, you must make sure that you are part of a group of needy and do not waste your personal time in vain.