The construction volume of the building includes the dimensions of the underground and aboveground parts of the structure. To determine the underground parameters, an indicator is taken from the mark of the clean floor on the first floor. Next, we consider in more detail what the building volume of a building is, how this value is considered.
General information
Many people who are ignorant of construction terms often confuse some concepts. Not everyone knows what the area is - residential and common. Not everyone knows such a concept as the construction volume of a building. In some cases, a proper understanding of the terms can be very useful.
Living space
In apartment buildings and dormitories, it is defined as the sum of the area of rooms for living. In this case, built-in cabinets are not taken into account. The arrangement of living rooms in dormitories and apartment buildings on the basement and basement is not allowed.
total area
This value is the sum of the areas of all rooms. In this case, we mean both utility rooms and living rooms, as well as kitchen locks, built-in wardrobes, corridors, bathrooms, toilets, latrines, utility rooms, showers, mezzanines. For a hostel, the areas of medical rooms, cultural and domestic premises are added to the calculations. In dormitories and apartment buildings, summer outbuildings (terraces, balconies, loggias) are considered and fit into projects separately. The total area of the house does not include corridors, vestibules, elevator halls, stairwells, as well as vestibules.
Effective area
Measurements are taken from individual surfaces of partitions and walls. Dimensions of niches from 1.8 m high are included in the parameters of the premises where they are located. The same applies to the floor area, which is under the flight of stairs inside the apartment (with a distance of 1.6 m or more to the bottom of the protruding structure). The space occupied by protruding structural parts and heating furnace elements is not taken into account. The area of space within the doorway is not considered.
The total area of public buildings
The values derived for each floor are taken into account. The total area includes the size of underground, basement parts, above-ground technical premises. Parameters of technical underground parts with a height of less than 1.8 m under the basement, basement and first floor are also not taken into account.
Building volume of the building: how is the value of the aboveground part considered
The calculation is carried out by multiplying the area in horizontal section along the outer contour of the structure on the first floor above the basement to the height of the (full) building. The last value is measured from the upper surface of the insulation layer in the attic to the clean floor on the 1st floor. With flat roof structures, the average elevation of the upper part of the roof is taken into account in the calculation of the building volume of the building.
Underground part
How to calculate the construction volume of a building in its underground part? In this case, the dimensions of the horizontal section of the external contour of the structure on the first floor above the base are multiplied by the measured distance from the clean floor of the 1st floor to the base level of the basement or basement. If there is no above-ground part above the basement walls, the building volume of the building is determined taking into account the external contour of the structure according to the level of overlap. Measurements are made taking into account the thickness of the plaster or facing layer. When calculating the cross-sectional area in the horizontal plane, architectural details protruding above the walls and niches present in them are not taken into account. Thus, according to the norms, the building volume of the building is calculated. Underground formula example:
V3 = S3 x H1.
S3 is the area in the horizontal section of the basement (basement) in magnitude measured by the level of the first floor above the basement. H1 - height from the top of the finishing floor of the 1st floor.
Construction elements
In some cases, it is necessary to calculate the construction volume of a building, which consists of individual components. They vary in configuration in plan, height, designs. In this case, all building volumes are summarized. Determining the dimensions for a particular part of the structure, the wall delimiting the space is assigned to the zone to which the partition corresponds in design or height. For the attic floor , the calculations use a vertical section along the outer contour of the walls that serve as a fence, for the length of the building. Measurements are carried out to the upper plane of the layer of thermal insulation material of the attic floor or (in the absence of an attic) of the roof covering. The construction volumes of tambours, bay windows, verandas, loggias, galleries, passages, protruding (except for architectural details) structural elements, domes and light lamps located above the roofing plane are included in the total figure. When measuring the size of driveways, porticos, open balconies, and the space under construction.
Volumes of construction work: general information
Calculation is carried out according to measurements in kind, projects, sizes established according to inventory plans. As the units of measurement in which the determination of the construction volume is carried out, the parameters adopted in the estimated standards should be used. They are given in the technical sections of the corresponding parts of SNiP. It is recommended to evaluate construction work in accordance with standard schemes, tables and sketches. These materials allow you to visualize the progress and sequence of calculations. When assessing, tables are used that take into account the specifics of the activity. Construction work is taken into account in a certain sequence. You should start with the foundation and basement walls. After that, determine the amount of earthwork. Separately recommended assessment of the underground part of the structure, as well as non-residential and residential areas.
Process
As mentioned above, the calculation of volumes is carried out in a certain order. The following sequence should be followed during the process:
- Familiarization with the design materials and their placement in a manner convenient for rational use.
- Development and preparation of tabular forms.
- Drawing up auxiliary tables of calculations concerning standard elements, products and designs.
- Calculation of the volume of work using project specifications.
- Evaluation of activities on structural elements and what is not covered by the specification.
Recommendations
Using some auxiliary materials, you can greatly facilitate the work. Recommended:
- Prepare in advance auxiliary tables containing ready estimates for typical and repeating structural parts, parts of the structure, types of services.
- Maximize the use of forms for local estimates listing the main works and structural elements, cost indicators and ciphers of unit prices.
- Calculate in such a way that the results of previous activities can be applied in the future.
- Make the most of the specifications available in the design for standard products and areas (usable, total, etc.).
Bulletins on the volume of general construction work usually consist of calculations for specific types of work and structural elements. It must be borne in mind that the subsections of these materials and groupings of chapters do not correspond to each other.
additional information
The calculation of the volume of work, as mentioned above, is carried out in units of measure established in SNiP. These, in particular, include m 3 , pcs., T, m 2 and so on. It is worth noting that the concept of "estimated volumes" means any quantities that are determined according to the drawings and used in estimating the estimated cost. Calculations are usually produced by technicians (designers). To ensure greater accuracy, it is recommended that the results be checked by estimated workers of the appropriate qualifications.
Prefabricated or concrete and reinforced concrete structures
The specifics of estimating the volume of work on their arrangement is that unit prices take into account the range of services for assembling parts without their cost. In this regard, the estimates provide for two items. The first is to determine the cost of installation at unit prices. The second - to calculate the price of structures at current tariffs for them. The process is complicated by the fact that, in some cases, unit and wholesale costs involve different parameters. So, for example, the estimated norm for the installation of a flight of stairs is installed on one structure. Wholesale prices are per square meter and cubic meter of concrete. In such cases, it is necessary to determine the number of structures (in pieces) and calculate their area. In connection with this circumstance, the compiler of the statement uses the drawings and quite clearly presents the product. In the formation of estimates for schemes, as a rule, do not resort. In these cases, they are guided only by the statement of work volumes. Therefore, in the latter it is necessary to give a complete description of the calculated structures.
Structural Frames
Columns, communications, trusses, beams and crossbars are referred to structures bearing the load from the ceiling of the building and enclosing elements. If the severity of the structure is distributed on the walls, then it is called frameless. It should be said that in the estimates for housing and civil construction section "Frameworks" is missing. The cost of ties, trusses, girders and beams is included in the “Coverings” and “Overlapping” parts, and columns standing separately are included in the “Walls”. The volume of installation of capitals and reinforced concrete columns is determined per piece of product. For a monolithic frame, a cubic meter of reinforced concrete in the case acts as the unit of measurement. Standards for metal structures are given per ton, for light materials - per 100 m 2 . The costs of laying reinforced concrete panels and slabs, floor slabs and coatings are determined per 1 piece of product.
Basic formulas
The construction volume of the structure with an attic floor element (V1) is determined as follows:
V1 = S1xH.
S1 - area along the horizontal section of the structure along the outer contour at the level of 1st floor. H - the height of the cut from the mark of the finishing floor on the first floor to the top in the backfill of the attic floor. Another formula:
V2 = S2 x L.
It determines the construction volume of the structure without overlapping the attic (V2). S2 is the area of the vertical section of the building along the contour of the outer part of the walls (top of the final floor 1 floor and the upper outline of the roof). L is a value that determines the length of the building along the external faces on the end walls according to the level of the first floor above the base. In both the first and second cases, the amount of passage is excluded from the calculation. However, at the same time, volumes of bay windows, niches, loggias, vestibules, verandas, light lamps were added. At the same time, the dimensions of balconies (indoor and outdoor) and porticoes are not taken into account. If the area of different floors is different, then the construction volume for each separately is determined. After the values are summed.