The properties of magnets have been known to mankind for a long time, but thanks to the development of industry, they were widely used only at the end of the 19th century. Along with production tasks, ferrimagnetic materials are used in everyday life. One of the interesting, and most importantly - profitable ways, is the search for metal objects. Before you find out what a search magnet is, you need to find out its main characteristics and properties.
Materials of manufacture
Most of the magnets for practical use are artificial alloys. Natural materials, in particular magnetic iron ore, do not possess the required properties. They have small indicators of separation force, susceptibility to rapid destruction as a result of mechanical stress. Therefore, for industrial purposes, ferrites are often used, placed during the manufacturing process in a magnetic field. Their service life can be calculated for decades, and without loss of operational properties.
Unlike industrial designs, household magnet designs are simple. Due to their small size, a neodymium alloy, N-Fe-B, is often used for their manufacture. To improve mechanical strength and reduce cost, iron and boron are added to the material. The result is a neodymium magnet, the search potential of which is still being revealed.
Their scope is wide:
- Furniture industry - locks for doors.
- Security systems - in conjunction with sensors.
- Calculation of angular velocity or angular position - used with a Hall sensor.
- In search and archaeological expeditions.
For private use, a rather interesting niche was also found. In regions with a rich historical past, you can make a search magnet with your own hands and engage in practical archeology.
Security measures
Not many people know that to work with magnets you must follow certain rules. In most cases, large models have qualities that can harm both humans and technology.
Therefore, the following safety precautions should be followed:
- Prepare a special container, the manufacturing material of which does not have magnetic properties. It can be a tree or a thick-walled polymer. Install a warning sign on the surface.
- For normal operation of electronic devices, the minimum distance from the magnet should be 10-20 cm.
- Force fields negatively affect the operation of the pacemaker.
- The space between the magnet and the metal should be free. Otherwise, injuries resulting from crushing of the limbs are possible.
Design
To conduct exploratory work, it is necessary to carefully consider the design and take into account the specifics of operation. It is not enough to take the finished product, fix it on a strong rope and go to the fields in search of treasures.
If you need to make a search magnet with your own hands, then a drawing is pre-compiled. It indicates the overall dimensions of all elements, the material and the method of assembly. When doing this simple point, you can avoid many errors. For example - if one part of the magnet should be open, then do not take into account the method of attaching it to the protective casing.
The best option - the protective shell completely repeats the shape of the product. In this case, the probability of damage during transportation or during the search is reduced.
Before manufacturing, it is necessary to determine the technical characteristics that directly depend on the overall dimensions.
Parameters
With an increase in the linear dimensions of a magnet, its performance indicators increase. Depending on the task, you should carefully approach the choice, since the cost of various models can range from 30 to 300 dollars.
Hold Weight kg | Weight of a magnet, kg | Diameter mm | Height mm |
300 | 1,2 | 96 | 18 |
400 | 1.4 | 106 | 18 |
600 | 2.2 | 140 | thirty |
But what is a search magnet without appropriate equipment?
Hull and lift elements
The protective sheath is made of durable material. The best option is turning the steel billet with subsequent galvanizing. Such a product will become reliable protection against mechanical damage, and due to the surface layer it will not corrode for a long time.
Methods for attaching a magnet to the housing can be varied. But the most popular and practical are:
- Making a closed design with a threaded cover. Its tightness makes it possible not to fear the harmful effects of water, even sea water.
- Fixing with epoxy glue.
You can make a search magnet with your own hands in other ways. The main thing is to observe safety precautions and take care of the reliability of the entire structure.
For lifting, a strong cord is usually used, the tensile force of which must be at least three times the weight of the hold.
Practical use
But what is a search magnet without interesting finds? Due to its specific properties, it can be used where conventional metal detectors pass in the aquatic environment. With proper dexterity per day, you can carefully examine a large area of the river bottom. Given the enormous historical past of almost every region of the country, there will certainly be a unique instance from past centuries.
But do not console yourself with the thought of enrichment soon - the findings of the search magnet are varied and far from always represent value. Literally, you need to shovel the mouth of the river to find something worthy of attention. Therefore, before starting a mini-expedition, it is recommended to familiarize yourself with the history of the region in order to increase the likelihood of a successful "catch".