The equipment pumping various liquids and substances is presented on the market in different versions. Developers strive to optimize designs to ensure high performance and appropriate power. However, as efficiency increases, the reverse process of rapid wear of the working elements during operation is observed. In turn, jet pumps are free from such drawbacks because they do not have working components that would be subjected to intense loads. To understand the other features and advantages of units of this type, their design should be considered in more detail.
Pump device
The device does not provide for the presence of rotating elements, and structural parts and components are focused on ensuring the functioning of functional fluids. The pump consists of four components, including a suction chamber, nozzle, mixing tank and diffuser. Also, the device of the jet pump may include a set of special nozzles designed to supply working fluids. One model of the unit can be supplemented by narrowing elements of different characteristics. The design is presented in various modifications and depending on the type of hydraulic carrier used. In particular, there are devices for working with liquid media, gaseous substances and hydraulic mixtures.
How do jet pumps work?
Such devices operate on the basis of the principle of kinetic energy transfer. The power charge is transmitted from the flows of functional fluids to the pumped carrier. It is important to note that in the process of transmission, mechanical devices and intermediate nodes are not involved. High power return is ensured due to the speed at which the working fluid is discharged from the nozzle under pressure. Due to the lack of moving components, the role of the vacuum chambers with which the jet pump is equipped increases. The principle of operation of the unit provides for the formation of free space in the tank, where the liquid is sucked. That is, the carrier from the receiving chamber through the suction channels is sent to the tank, and then to the mixing compartment. In the process of fusion of the functional fluid and the carrier, an exchange of energy occurs, as a result of which the flow strength weakens. The final point in the simplest systems is the collection capacity, into which the carrier enters at a reduced speed, but with a stored pressure.
Performance data
Typically, such units in which fluids that are gentle from the point of view of wear are realized do not differ in high performance. In part, the example of jet pumps confirms this, but in some segments of the application its capabilities are quite enough. For example, the performance of devices can reach 30 l / s. This indicator relates to professional equipment, and simplified designs on average provide 15-17 l / s. As for the lifting height, the operation of the jet pump is designed for a range of 8-15 m, although some modifications for specialized purposes can provide a 20-meter lift. But in this case, productivity and efficiency are markedly reduced, so alternative pump designs are often used for such needs.
Varieties of pumps
As noted above, designs vary in the type of fluid being served. Now it is worth considering them in more detail. The most popular models work with water carriers and mixtures, which do not have a destructive effect on the communication infrastructure of the unit. Such devices are called ejectors and operate on the principle of pumping and suction in different chambers. Jet pumps are also common, the function of which is focused on servicing aggressive environments. These are airlifts used in wells and communication systems that provide the transfer of chemically active mixtures and liquids with the presence of solid particles. Less popular, but in some cases, injectors are indispensable. These are devices that also work with liquids, but steam acts as a functional medium in this case.
Fields of application
A variety of design options led to the corresponding distribution of pumps of this type. In particular, they are used in the chemical industry for pumping acids, alkalis, oily carriers, salt mixtures and fuel oil. Technologists in the industry value the mechanical endurance and durability that distinguishes the jet pump. The use of such units in the domestic sphere is mainly focused on lifting water from wells. Some modifications are quite suitable for the formation of artesian sources. Also, high characteristics of resistance to temperature make it possible to use such equipment in heating systems. For sewers, this solution is also beneficial, since the pump effectively copes with the removal of sediment in the form of silt and sand.
Advantages and disadvantages of inkjet units
Among the main advantages of such units, a simple and reliable design, durability in operation, reliability and lack of sensitivity to aggressive environments are distinguished. To a large extent, these advantages are due to the fact that jet pumps are spared the presence of moving parts that quickly wear out in other pumps. By the way, this same design feature allows you to run pumps in small sizes, which affects minimizing maintenance costs. But there are drawbacks to such devices, among which they highlight the need for special preparation of working fluids and low performance indicators.
Conclusion
The principle of operation of jet units determined their specific direction of operation. Such equipment is practically not used in traditional water supply and irrigation systems. But, thanks to high indicators of wear resistance, jet pumps have found their place in communication systems operating under high loads. It is enough to note that the units effectively cope with the maintenance of chemicals and contaminated media, while maintaining the original performance. But the owners of equipment have to pay for such a significant advantage with a modest power potential. Low productivity is not always a decisive factor in the choice of pumps, so the demand for jet devices remains.