It is hard to imagine our life without electricity. After all, almost all devices are powered from it, without which a modern person would simply cease to exist. Every day we need electricity, both direct and alternating current. We get it from various sources. One of them is a direct current generator.
This article will be interesting to everyone. It is so nice to realize that you have learned something else about the structure of this complex world. It will appeal to both amateurs and professional electricians. However, it may also be of interest to a person who is just beginning to learn the basics of this complex science.
The DC generator has found wide application both in industry and in everyday life. Therefore, these units are very diverse: large and compact, quiet and powerful, diesel and gasoline. According to the field of application, the DC generator can be domestic or industrial. And in fact, and in another case, it can be used both to restore power supply if necessary, and to get it away from the main networks.
In industry, most often this unit is used on various ships and other modes of transport. Also, a direct current generator is used in the medical industry to ensure continuous power supply. And on a household scale they are used in cottages or small kiosks. Also very often at home they use a welding DC generator. It is necessary to connect various types of metal.
How is the DC generator?
This unit consists of a fixed and rotating parts. The first is induction, which means that it creates a magnetic field. And the second is inductible, also called an anchor. The fixed part of the device includes the main and additional poles and the bed. Their fastening is carried out using a bolt.
The main pole is represented by a magnet, which creates a stream of waves. It includes a core, a field coil and a tip. The first part is always cast from steel. Coils of poles are connected in series. This contributes to the formation of the field winding. When current flows through it, a magnetic flux is created .
The tip is needed to hold the field winding at the poles. That is why the magnetic field is evenly distributed at the poles. It is imperative that the tip has a certain shape.
Each additional pole consists of a core and a winding. These parts are also cast in steel. Usually there are as many as the main poles, and maybe half as much. They are mainly installed in high power generators, but usually they are not in compact ones. Their main purpose is to eliminate sparking.
The rotating part includes a core, a winding and a collector. The first part is a cylinder that is assembled from sheets of steel. They are isolated from each other with varnish or paper. This is done in order to reduce eddy current losses .
The principle of operation of the DC generator
The main thing is that this device is able to receive electrical energy from mechanical. The principle of operation is best considered on the simplest unit, which is a frame made of a conductor, placed between the two poles of the magnet. A negative and a positive brush are pressed to the collector. Between themselves they are closed through an electric bulb by an external circuit.
For the DC generator to work, the frame must rotate. Moreover, according to the rule of the right hand , the induction of electricity occurs in it. This current changes direction in each half of the revolution. This is explained by the fact that each side of the frame intersects the magnetic lines alternately in both directions. And on the external circuit, the current flows in one direction. Here it changes only in magnitude. That is, the collector converts alternating current into direct current, which is very important.