When laying the means for moving liquids and gases, the most important element of their installation is considered to be the suspension and support of pipelines, which are steel structures. Their main goal is the perception of weight loads that are created by the pipeline system. Spring blocks, pendants, supports are part of the piping systems for various purposes, namely: utilities of housing and communal services, gas and oil pipelines, technological pipelines of thermal power plants, industrial enterprises and nuclear power plants.
Pendants and supports of pipelines are metal structures of various types and methods of fastening to pipes, with the help of which they are fixed or ensure unhindered movement along the supporting platform.
Classification by method of application
- Movable supports are fixed on the pipeline, while they are not fixed on the supporting platform, providing free movement of pipes along its own axis.
- Sliding supports are considered a type of movable supports. They allow the movement of pipelines in the transverse and longitudinal directions.
- Fixed support of pipelines - are rigidly fixed on the pipe and are themselves welded to the supporting platform.
- Pendants are constructions with the help of which pipelines are fixed to beams, floor slabs, ceiling structures, etc. They are referred to as movable elements.
Features
As a rule, pipe supports are made of metal. Their installation should be carried out only by professionals, since improper installation leads to accidents: these elements have a heavy load not only from the pipes themselves, but also from liquids circulating through them.
Mounting can be carried out by various technologies: through welding equipment, using clamps. The type of metal for the supports is selected depending on its characteristics. The main thing is that he can withstand high loads. The distance between the supports of the pipelines is calculated depending on the type, speed and pressure of the transported substance, the diameter of the pipes and the installation technology of the structure.
Fixed legs
These designs are used to organize aboveground and underground systems. Between the supports are special compensators, which are designed to reduce negative external factors: various kinds of vibrations, drops of internal origin, unstable temperature conditions.
In addition, the pipe supports play the role of a heat insulator. Most often, such structures are found in the northern regions of Russia, where significant seasonal and daily temperature fluctuations are observed. How fixed supports look, you can understand from the photo below.
Sliding support for pipelines
These designs differ from the fixed supports in that they are able to take on vertical loads. However, they do not affect the wear of pipelines. In the process of displacement of pipelines, characteristic of temperature changes, movable supports do not increase their stability.
Varieties
Movable bearings are divided into ball, spring, clamp, sliding and many others. The last two types are used for systems that deform under the influence of temperature fluctuations.
Spring elements are required to protect systems from vibration. When turning the pipelines, ball structures are used, since they ensure their free movement. Suspended products are used to mount horizontal structures.
Classification
In addition, these elements for pipelines are classified depending on the installation technology and design features:
- Case clamp products. It can be both movable and fixed pipe supports. They are divided into elements with a clamp of flat and round type. The first is used only for steel structures. Support with a round clamp can be used for both steel and pre-insulated pipelines. Also to this type of product include drag towers, which differ in the presence of stiffeners.
- Case welded support. It is quite simple to install, and also has a low cost. Used for steel structures. This can be either a fixed or a sliding support for pipelines.
- Shield Such products are required to secure the vertical sections. They are mounted by welding. Most often installed where passage through the wall is required. They are referred to as fixed supports.
- Elements of steep bends. Such a support is installed under the bend of the pipeline. It can be mobile or stationary. Also used as equipment mount.
- Chipless. In general, these are standard clamps. These are motionless and mobile support of pipelines. The latter provide free movement of structures, while the former are connected to the base by welding. Such products are often called clamp guides.
Installation of sliding supports
The distance between these structures is calculated individually for a particular pipeline, it depends on the diameter and type of pipelines used. For example, pipelines of heating networks or hot water supply, where pipes are used in insulation foam, a smaller distance between the movable supports is needed than for cold water supply systems. In the design process, the type and design of the supports, the installation location of each product is determined, for which a strength calculation is carried out.
Mobile products are mounted directly on pipelines before being pulled into cases, thus avoiding damage to their factory insulation layer. Between the metal structures of the cases and supports, they are laid in a single layer of rolled baseless material, a lubricant, for example graphite, is applied to the rubbing surfaces.
At the end of the installation of the movable supports, welding of the clamps and their tie for crimping the pipes is carried out. Then, in places of damage to the factory insulation layer and welding, they are painted to protect from the effects of the external environment.