Living matter is a harmonious multi-level system in which each subsequent link is manifested by the complexity of the structure and functions of previous levels. Metabolic processes occurring in cellular organoids, for example, in the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, are especially significant. Both cytology and molecular biology consider them. This is a science that studies the role of mitochondria in metabolism.
We will focus on the features of the molecular and cellular form of organization of nature. They are the basis for more difficult levels. We also find out how the processes of synthesis and cleavage occur in the cell. Next, we determine which organelles are responsible for catabolic reactions. The answers to these questions will be given by molecular biology - a science that studies the role of mitochondria in metabolism.
Metabolism and energy in the cell
Living organisms exist due to the intake of nutrients in their tissues, organs and cells. Under the action of enzymes, they break down in special organoids - mitochondria, which are present in all eukaryotic cells. In this case, energy is released, part of which is dissipated in the form of heat, and the remaining portion goes into the form of ATP or NADP molecules. It is spent on growth, movement, reproduction, etc. Biological science, studying the role of mitochondria in metabolism, has proved their importance in energy synthesis.
How the structure of mitochondria determines its functions
Externally, organelles look like discs, sticks or threads. Such they are, for example, in myofibrils or cells of protozoa: ciliates, flagella. The organoid consists of two membranes, the inner part contains the matrix and folds of crista with ATP-soms, including the enzymatic complex. He is responsible for the synthesis of adenosine triphosphoric acid molecules . Molecular biology, a science that studies the role of mitochondria in metabolism, has found that the primary reactions occur in the matrix, and the direct formation of ATP occurs on organelle cristae.
Why are mitochondria called cell power stations ?
To synthesize energy, it is necessary to transfer H + ions from the external, positively charged surface of the organoid, to the folds of the internal membrane that carry negative charges. This process is catalyzed by the molecules of the enzyme system H + - ATPase, through the membrane channels of which hydrogen cations move. They cause an oxidative phosphorylation reaction . This is the addition of phosphate acid to ADP, which leads to the formation of ATP molecules - the main energy substance of cells. The science that studies the role of mitochondria in metabolism is molecular biology. She experimentally confirmed the main importance of these organelles in the metabolism and energy in cells.