Storm sewage system is also called rain or storm storm. It is installed on a site for collecting and draining water from the roof of houses, pavements and land. Storm drainage should not be confused with groundwater, which is laid at a certain depth and is designed to lower the groundwater level. It is relevant for plots in the lowlands, for the territory where significant rainfall occurs.
Storm drainage is also used in flood areas. If there is a lot of water in the area, then this can cause flooding. The foundation erodes over time, the soil becomes swampy, and the basement is flooded. A storm sewage system protects the site and the house from such troubles.
What is rainfall
The rainwater drainage system is pipes, trays, plugs, sand traps, storm water inlets, siphons and other elements. The system can also be supplemented with a storm well. The final pattern will depend on the type of storm. The main purpose is the collection of surface water and its direction into the sewer.
Moisture is collected in a single stream. Water drainage from the system cannot be done into the drainage soil system. They are installed in parallel at the same angle, but are different designs. Storm drainage is done above the ground.
Storm pattern
Storm sewage treatment systems are installed under vertical drainage pipes. There should be several catchment areas on the territory. All of them are tied with polymer sewer pipes. This allows you to combine elements into a single system.
The scheme also provides for a prefab well, which is usually located at the lowest point of the site. Therefore, stormwater uses the principle of gravity flow. The drainage scheme may include the use of pipes that are installed in the form of a Christmas tree or in a circle.
In the first case, a rectilinear contour is drawn from the water collectors near the house to the well. Contours from parts of the plot and farm buildings are connected to it. In the circular circuit there is a main circuit, however, the additional ones are connected in a circle. Around the main house is laid a system of sewer pipes, which are complemented by contours. If the plot is large enough, then there can be several circular contours.
How rainfall is arranged, depending on the method of rainfall removal
Storm sewage system can be classified by the method of water drainage. It can be open and is also called superficial. Rainwater is discharged by this system using open channels in the form of trays and channels. Moisture goes beyond the site. Trays are buried, installed in the paths, as well as blind areas. They are sometimes fixed with cement mortar. Sewer grates are installed on top of the gutters, which are removable.
The open system is most common in private houses, as well as in small settlements with a low population density. The storm sewage system is also closed, it is called deep. Water in this case is collected in the built-in trays and sand traps. Moisture gets into storm water inlets, which are wells. On an inclined line, precipitation is sent to the sewer network. Pumping equipment can also be used to transport water.
Rain and melt water pass through the sewer, thalweg and fall into treatment plants and artificial reservoirs. The closed system is used in large settlements and cities, sometimes in private areas.
Mixed shower device
Mixed storm sewer is a drainage system that consists of street trays and underground pipes. In the design, the drainage is carried out by gravity. An exception is only adverse terrain conditions.
The storm network route is located along the shortest path to the point of discharge into a reservoir or reservoir. The device uses reinforced concrete pressureless pipes. Mixed rainfall is suitable for reducing construction costs.
Drainage classification by drainage type
Point storm drainage is provided using local drainage systems in the form of storm water inlets. They are installed to collect water from a point site, for example, from the roof. The drainage and storm sewage system of the working village has gratings that filter baskets, the last of which are necessary for trapping debris.
The system is connected to underground sewer pipes that transport water to the sewer well. Storm drainage can also be linear. It is installed to collect precipitation from the territory of an impressive area.
Linear drainage is designed to solve drainage problems in a comprehensive manner. The basis of such a system are:
- channels
- trays;
- gutters;
- sand traps.
The latter are containers for trapping small debris and sand. Inside there is a basket where garbage accumulates. Such sewage is cleaned by emptying the baskets.
Storm drainage device
If the stormwater is supplemented by drainage, then the latter can be equipped using closed technology. Pipes are located underground, and only well covers are visible on the surface. Underground drainage can be installed in areas with clay soil and with soils where loams prevail. Drainage is also relevant in areas where the aquifer is high. Drainage is mandatory if there is water in the basement in the spring, or the foundation had to be deeply buried.
When considering a storm sewer device with a drainage system, you should note that the latter provides for:
- manholes;
- drainage lines;
- sand traps;
- Drain
- storage and transfer wells.
Perforated pipes collect excess moisture from the soil, and sand traps clean it of sludge. Excess water enters the catchment areas thanks to the main pipeline. This process is controlled by wells, the design of which may be different. Using them, the system is also cleaned.
Drains can be made of the following materials:
- ceramics;
- asbestos cement;
- plastic.
Asbestos-cement pipes are quite cheap, but inferior to others in durability. Ceramic ready to last decades, but more expensive. More popular are plastic pipelines, which may be based on polyethylene, polypropylene or PVC. Polyethylene products are the most resistant to frost, they do not crack at sudden changes in temperature.
The storm sewer system from the roof is an integral part of the scheme. Its elements are installed along the walls on the roof. With the help of the trays, water is collected from the roof and transported to the ground storm sewer. The drainage system provides for:
- funnel;
- connectors;
- catchments;
- stubs;
- tees;
- rotary knees.
A modern gutter system is a designer whose parts are assembled in a certain sequence. Elements can be made of the following materials:
- plastic;
- ceramics;
- galvanizing;
- copper.
The choice will depend on the architecture of the house and the type of roofing material. Gutters are sometimes supplemented with protective nets, drippers and anti-icing cables. These devices are optional, but can improve the functionality of the storm.
The storm sewage systems of a private house provide for the presence of viewing and drainage wells, which can be made of:
- plastic;
- stone;
- brick;
- reinforced concrete rings;
- car tires;
- fiberglass.
Materials may be different, but the design is the same. It assumes the presence of a cover, a shaft, a working chamber and a bottom. Ready well structures are easier to install than others. This is especially true in the case of plastic. The most budgetary option is from reinforced concrete rings or car tires.
Drain "Geberit"
When the time comes to supplement the roof of your house with a drainage system, you can consider several options. Among others - the Geberit shower, which has an increased throughput and a reduced pipe diameter. For several decades, the siphon stormwater system has set standards for the internal gutter.
The funnel design ensures that in the event of rain the risers and pipes will be filled without air pockets. The Geberit storm water drainage system has pipes into which water enters, forming a closed pillar. It creates reduced pressure and draws in drains. This increases the flow rate and throughput, despite the reduced pipe diameter.
Design freedom and reduced labor with the Geberit Storm
Geberit gives consumers maximum design freedom, as designers require fewer funnels for rainwater, sewer pipelines and risers. When laying the supply pipelines, it will be possible to provide reduced pressure, therefore, slopes are no longer required, which simplifies installation and saves space.
The Geberit storm sewer system reduces material costs and reduces labor costs. To plan the system, you can use the program with the Pluvia module. As a service, the company offers consumers to perform calculations for the internal drainage systems.
Storm sampling
The method of sampling the storm sewer system involves the analysis of water from a well, which is located before the discharge of purified water. The unit is equipped with a disk shutter and is designed to take a sample of purified effluent. The well can be made of fiberglass reinforced plastic and must have high chemical and corrosion resistance. An excellent example is the UNILOS-KK well, which has durability, low operating costs and low thermal conductivity.
Wells are located along the path of effluents after passing the last filtration systems. Sampling locations, also called reference points, are selected in accordance with the objectives of the work. Samples should be taken from mixed streams. Sampling locations should be close to the discharge point.
Sample Classification
For lowering, transporting and lifting the sample, if necessary, means of mechanization should be provided, for example, carts and winches. Simple and mixed samples are distinguished. The former characterize the composition of water and are obtained by a single selection. A mixed sample characterizes the composition of the liquid for a certain period of time.
Rainfall content
Storm sewage is regularly inspected and cleaned. Inspection is carried out in spring and late autumn in preparation for winter. The whole system is inspected after each heavy rain. Even if the scheme provides for grids on water inlets and sand traps, a suspension of silt and small debris can get into the sewer.
The list of works on the maintenance of the storm sewer system provides for the removal of foreign elements from gutters, pipes and wells. It is necessary to do this with regular inspections, otherwise the elements of the water disposal will be silted up, which will lead to the cessation of stormwater operation.
Cleaning
Pipes are cleaned with a pump and a large volume of water. Using a hose with a nozzle, you can flush all deposits from the walls of pipelines. Limescale and sludge will be in the well, from which the garbage is pumped out by a drainage pump or a vacuum sludge pump. Usually there is enough washing, but sometimes you have to resort to mechanical cleaning using scrapers or a plumbing cable with a hook.
Finally
Each house must have a storm. It consists of plastic sewer pipes, fittings and a prefab well. The scheme also provides for the presence of inspection wells, as well as collectors in the form of cones. We should not forget about the decorative grilles, with the help of which the design of the water collectors is carried out and the system is protected from penetration and debris.