Many summer residents, owners of private houses and cottages over time may be faced with the need to expand the area of their home. To do this, you can create an extension. It will increase the comfort of living, increase the market value of the entire building.
If desired, all the work can be done independently. To do this, you need to familiarize yourself with the technology of creating an extension to the house with your own hands. During the construction process, you will need to take into account building codes and rules, as well as the advice of experienced builders. How to complete all the steps correctly will be discussed later.
General recommendations
An extension to the house with your own hands (the photo can be considered further) is a structure that can perform different functions. The requirements that are put forward for its construction depend on this.
Previously, extensions were necessarily created from the same material as the house itself. However, technology has stepped forward. Today it is not necessary to apply similar materials. For example, to a wooden extension, you can create a veranda or an additional room of brick. When choosing materials pay attention to the type of foundation. It defines the characteristics and future construction.
Before starting construction work, a plan is created. It indicates the exact dimensions, design features. When developing such a plan, the type of the existing and future foundation, its dimensions, are taken into account.
Also, before starting construction, it will be necessary to assess the condition of walls, roofs, all materials and structural elements. Some may need to be replaced. The plan indicates what type of entrance will be on the future design. It is necessary to decide whether the building will have a separate entrance or whether it will be necessary to create a separate opening through which people will enter the house.
Exact planning will allow you to make an extension to the house with your own hands correctly and quickly. There are no trifles in this matter. It is necessary to take into account all the nuances.
Type of extension
A do-it-yourself extension to a wooden house, a brick building or a frame-type structure can differ in its purpose. It could be an extra room. People will live in it. In this case, the construction work will resemble the construction of a new small house.
If the extension will be operated as a new room, such a structure will need to be additionally insulated. Also in such a room there should be no damp, drafts. Therefore, the construction put forward special requirements. It is necessary to apply high-quality insulation. The design must be airtight. In this case, it is unacceptable to fix the wall adjacent to the main house, not rigidly.
The second option of the extension may be its operation as a kitchen or a bathroom. In this case, it is necessary to bring the sewage system here before starting construction work. In some cases, it is necessary to supply the water supply separately. This design is also qualitatively insulated, waterproofing is used.
It is much easier to attach a veranda or terrace to the house. This structure makes the house warmer. You can also create a place to relax here. The veranda is a closed extension. If a terrace is created, it can be either closed or open. In the second option, it is enough to simply erect the pillars on which the roof will rest. Such an extension does not need insulation, arrangement of high-quality waterproofing. This greatly simplifies the construction process.
Material selection
For the construction of such structures, different materials are used. They can be identical to the walls of the house. Other materials may also be used. However, in this case, several nuances must be taken into account. For example, an do-it-yourself extension to the house with your own hands over time can shrink. Therefore, the wall adjacent to the main structure is not fixed rigidly. It is necessary to leave the expansion joint, which is the space between the two parts of the building.
An extension can be made of bricks or other blocks. The technology for erecting such a structure will be similar in this case. Brick is a classic. They built houses from it many years ago. It is quite cold, heavy and expensive material. Today it is rarely used to create extensions.
Replace the brick can cinder blocks. It is a warmer and easier to install material. Slag stones can be laid out in two rows where 3 layers are required. Also, its cost is lower than that of a brick.
An even simpler option would be to build an extension to the house from foam blocks with your own hands. Aerated concrete is lightweight. This allows you to create a shallow foundation. The foam blocks are a porous and very warm material. It will need to be plastered. After this treatment, the foam blocks become strong, durable.
Another option for creating an extension is a frame structure. This is a simple, relatively inexpensive and high-quality way to build various buildings. First, a frame is created from a metal or wooden profile. Then it is sheathed with sheets, for example, OSB. Between the wall and the external material, insulation is laid. This is the most simple and inexpensive type of construction.
Foundation Features
Great attention should be paid to the foundation of the house and the structure that needs to be built. An extension to the house with your own hands can perform different functions, differ in weight and other parameters. Therefore, the foundation must comply with all the features of its operation.
It is imperative to properly join the old and new foundations of the house. If you make a mistake in this matter, it will be impossible to operate the extension. If there is no joining of the two foundations or mistakes are made in this area, it will be possible to observe over time the formation of a crack at the junction of the two buildings. Through it, heat will go out, condensation will appear, etc.
It should be said that the old foundation at the place of its docking with the base of the new design will need to be cleaned qualitatively. First they dig out the foundation. It is cleaned of soil, waterproofing. Dirt must be thoroughly washed away under the pressure of water.
Next, you will need to drive the reinforcement into the old foundation at a distance of 20 cm. The holes for this make a deliberately larger diameter. So that the reinforcement of the new base is firmly fixed in the old foundation, cement mortar is poured into the holes before laying it. This will provide a high-quality, rigid fixation.
The new foundation should not be deeper than the old foundation. It is either above or on the same level.
Strip foundation
It is possible to make an extension to the house with your own hands if you correctly perform the entire sequence of work. You need to start with the foundation. It can be tape or columnar. The choice depends on the terrain. The strip foundation is the most popular type of substrate. It is suitable for heavy buildings, as well as in areas where the soil is heterogeneous.
To create a strip foundation, you need to mark the terrain in accordance with the developed plan. On the contour you need to dig a trench. Its depth should correspond to the old base of the house. The width of the trench 10-15 cm should be wider than the walls of the future extension. Armature is driven into the old foundation.
The bottom of the trench should be covered with sand with a layer of 10 cm. It is tamped. Gravel or broken brick is poured from above. This layer is also tamped by hand. Next, you need to lay a layer of waterproofing. This material should exit the trench by 50 cm. Waterproofing will cover the aboveground part of the foundation.
Next, you need to install a welded reinforcing structure. It should repeat the shape of the foundation and be located along its entire height. Then 1/3 of the height of the trench is poured with a solution of cement, which was previously mixed with gravel. The layer should dry. After this, repeat the procedure. It should be half the remaining space of the trench.
An extension to a wooden house with your own hands should be durable. The foundation put forward increased requirements. After drying the second layer, formwork is done. This will create a basement.
Completion of the construction of the strip foundation
When erecting the foundation and other parts of the future structure, it is necessary to adhere to the developed instructions. An extension to the house with your own hands on a strip foundation will be stable, reliable and durable.
Having installed the formwork in the trench, the waterproofing is laid along its walls. The film must not slide down during the cement pouring process. Therefore, it is firmly fixed on the sides along the entire length of the foundation. To the top pour cement mortar. It must be pierced in several places with a shovel. There should be no air pockets inside. The top layer is leveled and left to dry. Its surface needs to be moistened so that the mass gains strength, solidifies evenly.
When the foundation hardens, the formwork must be removed. Cement must be waterproofed. Roll materials may be used. The internal space of the strip foundation is arranged differently. Screed can be poured or flooring made of wooden beams.
Column foundation
An extension to a brick house with your own hands can be created on the basis of a columnar foundation. This type of design is suitable for arranging a veranda or a separate living room. When creating a bathroom or kitchen, this option is not suitable. Sewerage will require large expenditures for arranging high-quality thermal insulation. The column foundation is suitable if the flooring is made of wooden beams. The design itself will also be wooden or frame type.
First you need to mark the area. Each pole should be at a distance of 1.5 m from each other. For each support dig a separate pit. The depth should be 50-60 cm. The supports have a square cross-sectional shape with a side length of 50 cm. The pits at the bottom should be slightly narrower than at the top. The pit should have dimensions at the soil surface of 60x60 cm.
The bottom of each hole needs to be strengthened. For this, a layer of sand and gravel is also poured. The waterproofing layer is covered. If the pillars are brick, you need to fill in a layer of coarse cement. When it dries, begin to lay bricks. You can make supports completely made of concrete. In this case, fittings must be used. Its length is equal to the height of the future column.
Formwork is arranged, inside of which a waterproofing layer is created. Concrete mortar is poured into several layers. Each of them should dry well. In this case, the top of the layer must be made even. It is wetted daily with water. When the solution is dry, the formwork is removed. Pillars are covered with several layers of waterproofing.
The presented method is suitable if you need to make an extension to a wooden house with your own hands. A pillar foundation is preferred if the new building is also wooden. Pillars need to be strengthened by sprinkling gravel on them from all sides of the earth.
Concrete floor
An extension to the house with your own hands can be made of blocks of various types. In this case, a strip foundation is arranged. A concrete floor is poured onto it. Inside the created base, you need to select excess soil. You will need to remove about 25-35 cm of land. Sand is poured onto the bottom with a layer of 10 cm. A layer of expanded clay is poured on top of 15-20 cm. This will allow additional insulation of the base.
On top of the leveled layer of expanded clay is a lattice of reinforcement. Then you need to install beacons. By their level, filling will be performed. When installing, use the building level. If a bathroom will be created, a terrace, you need to make a slight bias. So the water will drain from the surface of the base. The catchment system is being considered.
After preparatory work, a cement-sand screed is created. It is aligned with the rules. After a day, the floor surface is covered with plastic wrap. So the screed will solidify evenly.
Wooden floor
Do-it-yourself frame extension to the house can be erected on a wooden base. It is created both on a strip and column foundation. Wooden beams are laid on the base. Their cross section should be 15x10 cm or even more if the building is dimensional.
On the foundation, it is necessary to make the flooring from waterproofing. Mounting can be done using various methods. For this, the method of through fastenings or installation using corners or other metal clips is used. At the intersection of the beams are interconnected using corners. They must be strong enough.
Walling
Next, an extension to the house is created with your own hands. It is necessary to build walls of brick or frame type. The beam is fastened together with the help of metal corners. When the walls are kicked out, a roof is created. Most often, this is a single-pitch design, the slope of which depends on the climate in the region, as well as the type of finishing material. After that, the process of wall insulation, finishing is carried out.
Having considered how to create an extension to the house with your own hands, you can perform this work in accordance with existing building requirements.