According to scientists and varietal gardeners, for the successful production of these southern fruit trees , an appropriate temperature level is required. So, according to Russian institutes, the following conditions are considered optimal for growing any kind of pear for the Moscow Region:
- temperature above 10 º;
- frost-free duration - 135 days or 4.5 months;
- during the thermal period, the temperature should not be lower than 15 º;
- the duration of the thermal period is 85 days for summer varieties, 115-150 days for autumn varieties and 120-185 days for winter varieties.
Therefore, to achieve high productivity in the production of pears, it is necessary to carefully and accurately select varieties that are resistant to frost (can withstand temperatures up to –40 ° C), are resistant to various diseases, for example scab, and are also characterized by excellent taste.
The best varieties of pears for the Moscow region
"Muscovite" - medium-resistant to frost. The variety is late autumn. Photophilous. Cropping is optional. The fruits are harvested in September. Stored in the refrigerator until the New Year.
Pear variety "Lada" - high winter hardiness. The soil should be kept loose. A self-made summer variety. The best pollinators for her are the Chizhovskaya pears and Blankova ’s daughter.
"Chizhovskaya" - winter hardiness is high, but does not like sudden changes in temperature. Watering is moderate. The tree is tall. Be sure to tie the branches with the fruits.
"Northerner" - high frost resistance for a long time. Requires pruning in early care. Faster than some other varieties begins to bear fruit after planting - on the 2nd or 3rd year.
"Yakovleva's favorite" is a high indicator of resistance to frost. The young tree is slightly cut, form a crown. He does not like weeds. It requires treatment for diseases, as it is susceptible to scab damage from time to time. It begins to bear fruit in the 6-7th year. From high humidity is affected by scab.
“Elegant Efimova” is winter-resistant. Photophilous. Pruning is for sanitary purposes only. It differs from other varieties with a high pectin content - 11% (instead of 7%). Fruits are necessarily plucked unripe.
"Space" - average estimates of winter resistance. He loves loose, non-clay soil. Pruning sanitary at a young age, a tree spreading. Later than others, it bears fruiting - on the 8th and 9th year after planting. Winter hardiness is average, but more resistant to scab.
Skoropelka from Michurinsk - winter hardiness and disease resistance above other varieties. Photophilous. Watering is moderate. Harvest high - up to 50 kilograms from a ten-year tree. Early ripening.
"August dew" - resistance to frost is average, therefore, such varieties, like other moderately resistant to frost, should be planted in a lowland. Very resistant to scab. A small tree with a drooping crown. Fruits are stored up to 20 days. It is better to grow them in the crown, as winter hardiness is average.
"Oryol summer" - medium resistant to frost, temperature extremes and disease. Large fruits weighing 220 grams with the highest tasting ratings - at least 4.7. However, frost resistance is below average, so growing in crown is required.
"Yeseninskaya" - medium resistant to frost, extremes of temperature and disease. He likes moist but not swampy places. Quickly bears fruit - in the second year. The tree is pyramidal.
"Autumn Dream" - should be planted in a lowland, frost resistance is below average. High rate of disease resistance. Harvest - 40 kilograms per tree with a life of 10 years. Fruits in the 5th year.
"Red-sided" - at the highest level is endurance to the climatic conditions of this variety of pears. For the Moscow region and other regions, it is an ideal option for cultivation. High frost resistance, heat resistance, not susceptible to disease. The soil should not be hard. Watering is moderate.
"Memory of Zhegalov" is a medium resistant variety for diseases and winter colds. For good fruiting, it requires cross-pollination with such varieties as "elegant Efimova", "marble" and "Yakovlev's favorite". Late ripening fruits. When harvesting, the fruits cannot be overexposed on the trees.
Century-old - medium resistant to frost and disease. Photophilous. At an early age needs a little pruning. Large-fruited variety.
"Krasulya" and "fabulous" are heat-resistant and winter-hardy varieties. Mid-sized tree. Watering is moderate. Early soil care is regular.
"Dekabrinka" is medium resistant to frost and disease. Normal care: moderate watering, loosening the soil. Does not need pruning. Very capricious in joint vaccination.
"Irista" is a relatively new variety. Average frost resistance. Affected by scab, so it should be treated for the disease. Photophilous.
"Central Russian" is a frost-resistant and heat-resistant variety. Fruits are shorter than the rest, weighing 110-120 grams, sweet. They are stored for about 15 days.
"Bessemyanka" - high climatic indicators and medium disease resistance of this pear variety. It is suitable for cultivation in the Moscow Region. Watering is moderate. Fruits are short, weighing from 90 to 100 grams.
"Marble" - the susceptibility to disease is extremely low, and resistance to cold and extreme heat is average. Sanitary pruning required. Broad fruits. Grafting is required to be more winter-hardy. Fruitful, up to 200 kilograms from an adult tree. It is well transported. Fruits are best removed unripe.
Ending our short review-description of each pear variety for the Moscow region, I would like to wish all gardeners successful harvests, tree endurance in frosty winters.