This fast-growing, resistant to frost, easily perceiving shaded places and transplant is one of the widely used in climatic zones of Russia. The secret of its popularity lies in the delicious aroma that its beautiful and delicate flowers exude. The duration of this phenomenon is more than two months. In addition, the plant is unpretentious in care.
This magnificent plant is a jasmine shrub (photo presented in the article).
General information
Jasmine is considered a symbol of love, passion and deep affection. Jasmine is a well-known name for plants of the genus Jasmine. It belongs to the Olivkov family.
Subject to the rules for caring for it, the lower part of the stem is slowly covered with wood, and jasmine is often used by gardeners as a decorative element in the design of the garden. The shrub blooms every year and does not particularly need care. He is often confused with another plant - the mockworm, belonging to the Gortenziev family.
For abundant flowering and unpretentiousness, many gardeners love jasmine. Its aroma is gentle and very pleasant, but when grown at home, the smell can become quite concentrated, which can lead to severe headaches.
Below is more detailed information about the planting, care and propagation of jasmine shrubs.
Places of growth in nature
The natural habitat for jasmine is tropical regions of South America, Australia, Africa, the Mediterranean and Asia. It can grow, blossom and multiply only in a warm climate.
On the territory of European countries and in Russia, only two types of jasmine grow - yellow shrub and white medicinal.
Description
Jasmine is a multi-stemmed shrub that grows up to 4 meters in height. Its leaves are whole green, cream or snow-white flowers with a sweet, refreshing aroma.
It easily differs from other species of representatives of this genus: a curly and erect shrub with a smooth thin stem covered with simple, triple, unpaired, dark green leaves. The stem ends with large flowers that have the correct shape. The flowers of the jasmine shrub (see photo in the article) are single or umbrella, collected in shields. They, depending on the type, can be apical or lateral.
The long corolla of the flower resembles a narrow tube, which inside has 2 thin threads that grow together and turn into a berry. The latter represents the fruit of the plant, which is strictly forbidden to eat. Flowers can be beige, pink, white or yellow. Shades depend on the variety of the plant and its location.
Kinds
In nature, there are many types and varieties of jasmine shrubs, which differ in color, the shape of the stem, flowers and leaves, as well as the height of the bush.
The genus of jasmine today has about 300 species. Moreover, each of them has its own characteristics in terms of growth and care. Below are the most common ones:
- Flattened jasmine is a small-sized shrub. Leaves are pinnate, lanceolate, light green in color. The pale purple flowers of the jasmine shrub have a rather pleasant delicate aroma.
- Shrubby jasmine is an upright bush up to one and a half meters high. The stem is rod-shaped, flexible, branches are thin and smooth. Leaves in it, paired in two leaves. The flowers are located on the side branches.
- Jasmine Lerata is a shrub that grows to a height of 3.5 meters. The peculiarity of this species is that it is endowed with long green stems, lanceolate dark green and white small flowers that have a pleasant smell of mint.
- Jasmine polyanthus or multiflorous. Shrub jasmine of this species can be called curly. Its branches wilt and grow well in width. An adult plant in height can reach 1-3 meters. The stems, branches and leaves are covered with thin hairs, giving the plant a grayish-green hue. In their shape, the flowers are similar to small stars collected in clusters. Jasmine blooms almost all year, spreading a magnificent aroma.
- Jasmine sambac (Indian or Arabic) is a curly evergreen species. Oval in shape and leathery in structure, the leaves have a length of 2 to 10 centimeters. The flowers are white, fragrant, simple, terry or semi-double form. They are collected in small-flowered brushes. Under favorable conditions, the flowering period of some varieties of this species can last all year.
- Medicinal jasmine is a climbing species endowed with long, thin and angular branches. Smooth leaves are paired, white flowers are fragrant. As the name implies, some parts of the plant of this type of jasmine shrub can also be used as a raw material for medicines. Planting and care do not require much effort, so this plant can be grown with health benefits.
- Chinese jasmine is an evergreen species representing a vine growing up to 10 meters in length. The plant has fragrant white flowers and bright green leaves. It is often used to decorate garden arbors and arches.
Growing conditions
Any soil is good for the growth and development of jasmine, but fertile soil is the best option for growing jasmine shrubs. Caring for it is not difficult, but just such a soil will lead to its best decorative effect. The ideal soil composition is a mixture of sand, humus and sod land (proportion 1: 2: 3). It should also be noted that when planting a plant in open ground, it is necessary to make 30 grams of nitrophosphate.
Jasmine does not tolerate waterlogging, and therefore, when planting, it is necessary to ensure good drainage or it is better to plant seedlings on a certain hill. The best drainage layer is gravel, broken brick, small pebbles with coarse sand (thickness about 20 cm).
Despite the unpretentiousness in relation to lighting, the plant blooms better and longer in open sunny places. Between the bushes, it is advisable to leave a distance of about one meter. To accelerate the survival of a plant before planting, it is recommended to moisten its roots in a mixture of clay and mullein.
Landing
It is important to remember that plants that are planted in early spring take root much better and faster. But planting a jasmine shrub can be done in spring and autumn.
What do I need to do?
- Dig a hole with a depth and diameter of about 60 cm.
- Place a drainage layer at the bottom of the pit, and sprinkle a little nitrophoska and soil mixture on top of it.
- Distribute the jasmine roots evenly and carefully in the pit and fill it with fertile soil. To prevent decay of the bush, it is not necessary to deepen its base by more than 2-3 cm.
- Tamp the soil at the base of the bush.
- Pour jasmine liberally with water in a volume of about 15-20 liters.
- Add mulch around the near-trunk section to reduce moisture evaporation.
Care
Shrub jasmine (photo presented in the article) in the care is very unpretentious. However, its greatest decorativeness and attractiveness can be achieved by performing the following activities:
- periodic loosening of soil around the trunk of a shrub;
- fertilizer application (organic, phosphate-containing and mineral) for abundant flowering and increase immunity;
- periodic pinching of branches to give the crown a beautiful regular shape;
- removal of old inflorescences and weeding weeds;
- the introduction of mulch;
- timely soil moisture.
Jasmine shrub propagation
This plant propagates in several ways:
- Seed propagation is the most complex and longest method. Approximately eight years must elapse from the time of the planting of the fruit before the jasmine blooms. Sow seeds in greenhouse and home conditions in the winter, sheltering from frost. Shoots germinate in the spring.
- Propagation by cuttings is the simplest way to obtain young bushes. To do this, in June, you should cut off the strongest shoot about 7 centimeters long. It is necessary to root in a peat mixture in the light under a film with daily spraying. Then the seedling is planted in open ground at a chosen permanent place, but at first it is covered with a jar or any other transparent container.
- Propagation by layering is the most widely used method. When spring haircuts, the strongest branches should be tilted to the ground, laying in dug grooves. Sprinkle with a mixture of peat and sand. By autumn, the seedling is ready for separation from the mother bush.
- Propagation by dividing the root is an extreme and rarely used method. The jasmine bush is completely dug up, then its root is divided so that root growth is preserved on each part. Such an event is desirable not to be held during the flowering period, but is best in mid-autumn.
- Propagation by shoots. Shoots about 15 centimeters long are harvested in the fall, after the leaves fall. In winter, these branches should be stored in the basement in a drawer, or in the refrigerator (on the lower shelf). In January-February, shoots should be rooted, and after they get stronger and grow up, planted on the street.
More about propagation by cuttings
This is the most popular and reliable way. It is best to cut the cuttings in the morning. This should be done obliquely under the lower kidney with a sharp knife. The shank should be strong, but not thick. After removing the leaves from below, at the top make another, only a straight, cut. The length of the stalk should be approximately 10 centimeters.
The prepared stalk should be soaked during the day in a root solution, and then planted either under a plastic bottle in open ground or in a greenhouse. The best soil is a mixture of sand and peat in a ratio of 1: 1. To deepen the shoot you need no more than 5 cm.
The seedling will safely take root while ensuring regular spraying and ventilation. After 3-4 weeks, young kidneys will appear on them.
Pruning steps
In order for the jasmine bush to annually please with its fragrant magnificent flowering and beautiful decorative forms, it is necessary to make the correct pruning of the bush:
- In the spring, approximately 5 branches should be cut off at a height of 40-50 centimeters from the soil surface, and the remaining stems should be removed to the very base of the bush.
- Fresh sections must be treated with garden varieties to protect and quickly heal the shrub.
- Shoots growing from sleeping buds should be removed, leaving several of the strongest branches on old stems. All of them will become the basis of the updated bush.
The plant will acquire the proper appearance in a year, and in three years it will bloom profusely.
Jasmine in landscape design
Jasmine shrub is used to decorate the garden and as a solitary plant. Dwarf varieties are good in rocky gardens and rock gardens. They are used both as borders for flower beds, and as a fringing of lawns and flower beds.
Beautiful jasmine in combination with lilacs, with hydrangeas. Often, designers compose different varieties of this shrub, using them as hedges.
The shrub looks great thanks to the abundant flowering and rich foliage color. The main thing is to choose the right place for him and remember about the necessary and right care.
Interesting Facts
- Jasmine produces the strongest aroma at night, which is associated with the maximum blooming of the flowers of the plant with a decrease in temperature at the end of the day.
- Jasmine is an indispensable flower at wedding ceremonies in Indonesia.
- From Jasmine flowers, sugar and alcohol in Asia, a drug is made that relieves, according to belief, cowardice. At the same time, a person becomes invulnerable to the bites of poisonous scorpions and snakes.
- In vivo growth, jasmine lives up to 20 years.
Finally
As you can see, planting and propagation of jasmine shrubs are simple and non-laborious processes.
Many people want to know what else is useful for jasmine, except for its decorative effect. This plant is not only beautiful, it is widely used in cooking, for medicinal and cosmetic purposes. Its beneficial properties are associated with the rich content in jasmine of essential oils, benzoic, formic and salicylic acids.
Dried flowers are brewed and consumed as tea. Leaves, finely crushed, can be used to disinfect various wounds. It is believed that jasmine is a "female" plant that helps with various health problems (promotes lactation, reduces pain, etc.). The medicinal properties of the plant are used for eye diseases, cirrhosis, rheumatism, hepatitis, bronchial asthma, hemorrhoids. All parts of the plant are used to prepare therapeutic agents: roots, stems, leaves and flowers.