What is a reserve and national parks, everyone knows. Perhaps they just do not quite accurately understand the difference between one concept and another. Let's try to figure it out.
What are national parks
To understand what the reserve and national parks are, you need to know the exact definition of these concepts. So, national parks are special natural territories on land or water, where human activities are completely or partially prohibited. The main goal is environmental protection, that is, the preservation of valuable natural complexes, flora and fauna. These places are open for free visits by nature lovers and tourists.
In addition to environmental protection, national parks are research institutions, and also play an environmental and educational role. It is important to understand that territories and individual real estate objects that relate to these natural complexes are of particular environmental, aesthetic and historical value to the state. In addition, these are great places to organize international regulated tourism.
All national parks of our country are the property of the Russian Federation. Historical and cultural real estate is assigned to them on the basis of operational management. The territory of national parks is limited to a protected zone with an ordered regime of nature management and visits.
What are nature reserves
The nature reserves are distinguished by the fact that not only any economic activity is strictly prohibited on their territories, but also the presence of people there. According to the law of the Russian Federation, these territories are transferred to nature reserves for unlimited use. It is our country that is famous for a large number of state protected areas, while in the world there are only a few of them.
Reserves and national parks of Russia are available in almost all regions, therefore they differ in a specific landscape, unique representatives of flora and fauna, most of which are listed in the Red Book and carefully protected by the state.
Tasks of the reserve
Reserves are objects of federal significance, therefore, annually from the state budget funds are allocated for their maintenance. What is a reserve and national parks, you can understand based on the main tasks that they perform. So, the objectives of the reserve are:
- taking all necessary measures to preserve and enhance the biological diversity of protected natural complexes, to maintain them in a natural state in protected areas;
- carrying out research work;
- environmental monitoring, as well as the implementation of environmental education of the population;
- assisting in the training of specialists in environmental protection issues;
- participation in environmental state examination in the design of the placement of objects of economic and other activities.
The territories of Russian nature reserves exclude the use of subsoil, water, plants and animal hunting, since they are of particular value to world science. They are examples of wildlife typical for a particular region and contribute to the conservation of the genetic fund of rare representatives of flora and fauna.
The main tasks of national parks
The main objectives of national parks are:
- maintaining the integrity and uniqueness of natural sites and historical and cultural sites located within them;
- restoration of disturbed historical, cultural and natural sites;
- creation of optimal conditions for regulated tourism and cultural recreation of citizens;
- practical use of new scientific methods in the field of nature conservation;
- environmental education.
Nature reserves and national parks are objects of federal significance, financed by funds allocated from the federal budget.
Nature parks
What is a reserve and national parks is understandable. And how do the so-called natural parks differ from them? The fact is that in their status and objectives they are similar to national ones. The main difference is that they do not have federal status and are under the jurisdiction of the republic, territory or region in which they are located. Accordingly, funding is provided from the local budget. So, for example, in the Urals “Taganay” is a national park, and “Chusovaya River” and “Deer Streams” are already unique natural parks.
National Parks of Russia
Currently, in Russia there are more than 40 national parks, each of which is distinguished by special natural attractions, whether it be animals, birds, unique plants or historical real estate objects.
The championship in the number of national parks rightfully belongs to the North-West Federal District of Russia, especially Karelia and the Arkhangelsk Region. There are unique parks here: Vodlozersky, Kenozersky, Kalevala, Russian Arctic, Curonian Spit, Valdai and many others.
Nature reserves and national parks of the world
More than 38 reserves occupy vast, multi-kilometer territories of Russia. These include: Altai, Baikal, Bashkir, Barguzinsky, Darwin, Zavidovsky, Kandalaksha, Ilmensky, Komsomolsky, Kedrovaya Pad, Kronotsky, Pechoro-Ilychsky, Sayano-Shushensky, Caucasian and many others.
Of these, reserves and national parks of the tundra: Kandalaksha, Pechora-Ilych, Taimyr, Big Arctic, Yugyd Va, Lapland, Wrangel Island. Scientists are studying typical tundra ecological systems, as well as observing rare birds (polar owl, ptarmigan, peregrine falcon), a unique population of wild reindeer, Arctic fox and representatives of aquatic fauna (whitefish, salmon, etc.).
In Siberia, the tundra stretches along a narrow coastal strip and reaches a maximum width of 500 km (from north-east of Russia to the south, to the northern part of Kamchatka). The greater northern part of Sweden is also occupied by the tundra strip of Swedish Lapland. Small sections of the tundra are found in Finland, Norway, and Iceland. Therefore, controlled environmental facilities were also created here.
Famous nature reserves and national parks of the world protecting the flora and fauna of tundra ecosystems: Urho-Kekkonen and Lemmenjoki, owned by Finland; “Abisku” referring to Sweden; Norwegian Hardangervidda.