Om is a river flowing in Western Siberia. It refers immediately to three basins: the Irtysh, Ob and the Kara Sea. The first information about the Omi River can be found in the Siberian drawing book, which was compiled in 1701 by Semyon Remezov. In our article, we will talk about the Omi River, its features, geographical location and interesting facts about this reservoir. Well, now in more detail.
Title
The name Om River received from the Turkic word "quiet" ("om"). And in Irtysh and Baraba, the local population calls it diminutively: Omka.
Location
Lake Omskoe, where the Om River originates from, is located among the marshes in the Vasyugan Valley and is the source. Further, the river stretches along the Baraba lowland. The mouth of Omi is located in Omsk, on the right bank of the Irtysh.
River description
The catchment area of the Omi River is 52,600 square kilometers. On average, water consumption per year is 64 cubic meters per second, and the maximum is 814. The length of the Om River is 1091 kilometers. In Soviet times, ships traveled along the river from Kuibyshev to the pier of Ust-Tark. Now Om is not included in the list of important inland waterways of Russia. The main tributaries of the river :
- Achairka.
- Icha (upper and lower tributaries).
- Ugurmanka.
- Uzakla.
- Kama.
- Tarka.
- Tarbuga.
- Tartas.
Small tonnage vessels go along the river, but only starting from the place where Tartas flows into it. In the upper reaches, the river flows through marshy and forested areas. Then the steppe begins, and on the banks - the first villages. Then there are more and more of them, cities appear. Many fishermen are interested in the question of which fish is found in the Om River. It has a lot:
- sterlet;
- nelma;
- vendace
- zander;
- Pikes
- perch;
- crucian carp;
- roaches.
River valley
The river valley is unclear, the slopes merge with the surrounding area. In addition to the upper course, it looks like a trapezoid, in some places asymmetric. The width of the valley is from two hundred meters to eighteen kilometers. In the upper reaches the slopes are gentle, and in the lower reaches they are steep, sometimes steep. There are plowed.
Floodplain Omi
The floodplain of the river is bilateral, in some places boggy and crossed by individual manes. Below - one-sided. The minimum width of the floodplain is two hundred and fifty meters, the maximum is sixteen and a half kilometers.
Channel and course
The width of the Omi channel at low water is between 40 and 84 meters. In some places on bends - from 110 to 220 m. Depth on rifts is from 0.3 to 1.5 meters, and on stretches from 2 to 4.1 m. The course is quiet, its speed is from 0.3 to 1.4 meters per second. The channel is expressed unclear, with a length of five kilometers from the source. This segment looks like small extensions in the form of mini-lakes that connect to each other. And the lower channel is unbranched and very winding.
River features
Om is a river fed by melting snow. High water begins in May and lasts through July (sometimes inclusively). Freeze-up starts in late October or early November. Ice begins to melt in April or early May. Low-water shores are open; a bush is growing wildly on them.
The width of Omi varies in the upper reaches from 15 to 25 m, in the middle - from 150 to 180, and in the lower reaches - up to 220 meters. Depth can range from half a meter to 5.5 m in the lower reaches and from 0.2 to 3 m in the upper ones.
In 1982, at the mouth of the river during work to deepen the bottom, a barge flooded by Kolchak residents was discovered. There was a drowning in 1918. Artillery ammunition was found on the barge. An embankment was erected around the flooded vessel. From 1982 to 1984, sappers removed, removed, and detonated ammunition found on the river bottom.
Near the place where Om flows into the river. Irtysh, archaeologists have found an ancient settlement called Bolshoy Log, an area of 2500 square meters. Dwellings, implements and ceramics of the Late Kulai appearance were found. In addition to this log, there are several others that flow into Om: the Killed, Syropyatsky, Kornilov and two Bezymyannye (at the small village of Samarinka and the regional center of Kormilovka).
Ecology
Om is a river that is moody in springtime. It spills heavily and drowns the nearest plains. In the eighties, the river even “bloomed”, covered with lush vegetation. For passage of vessels it was necessary to carry out cleaning from pile fields and dams. To disperse stagnant water, hovercraft were launched. They swam to the village of Syropyatsky.
Photos of the Om River show that in recent years it began to rapidly chalk. Water into it comes from Vasyugan marshes and Novosibirsk lakes. But every year the influx is reduced. And more and more there is a water shortage.
In the federal program for the provision of drinking water to Russian citizens, which was adopted back in 1999, in the Omsk Region, completion of the construction of the Om – Irtysh Canal was put in first place. As well as the construction of a reservoir near Kalachinsk.
The main canal was designed and almost built during the Soviet period. It was completed at seventy-five percent. Initially, its development was carried out as part of an irrigation system. This project was approved by the Ministry of Water Economy in 1980, on November 25th. But after a while it was allocated in a separate, independent.
The most important tasks in the construction of the main canal were the water supply of irrigated land in the Omi channel on an area of fifty-one thousand hectares. As well as a constant supply of drinking water to the Nizhneomsky, Omsk, Gorky, Kalachinsky and Kormilovsky districts.
The main canal, whose length is 53,900 kilometers, originates in two kilometers from the village of Isakovka, located in the Gorky district. The last 14,800 meters fall on the riverbed. Achairki. Two pumping stations were built.