All the countries that exist today are complex political and legal organizations, the basis of which is the population and the legal system. But, as we understand, this was not always the case. Initially, instead of states, there were small social formations uniting a small number of people.
The need to create countries appeared at the time of the growth of tribal communities. Moreover, this kind of evolution did not occur instantly. After all, the state is significantly different from the tribe and other similar structures. Firstly, it unites huge masses of people, and secondly, it implements universal methods of regulation.
A large role in the country's activities is played by state bodies. These departments have their own hierarchy and system, which greatly facilitates the process of coordination by society. It should be noted that it is the authorities that are the main actors in the implementation of the functions of a country. The Russian Federation also has its own system of government departments. It is built in accordance with all international and democratic trends of our time.
Authority. The concept
For a large amount of time, scientists put forward various interpretations that described certain departments of the country. Government bodies of the Russian Federation today are institutions that implement certain legal institutions.
In most cases, such departments are responsible for the actual control of the population of a country. But there are government bodies with specific functions and tasks. If we are talking specifically about the Russian Federation, then an example of such structures is the prosecutor's office, the police, the FSB, etc. The main task of such bodies is to protect the state and its population.
Government system
Government bodies of the Russian Federation are part of a single system, which is largely determined by the functions of the country. This kind of structure is responsible for the existence of departments of one direction or another. The main role in the process of building a system is played, first of all, by specific functional tasks. For example, to ensure security in the state, there is a structure of law enforcement agencies. In other words, each sector of human activity is “blocked” by certain bodies. This system plays a key role in the study of the state apparatus. It allows you to streamline the consideration of various departments.
Principles of a system of government
Any kind of legal phenomenon has certain foundations of activity. Government bodies are no exception. They also have certain principles of functioning. At the same time, the fundamental ideas concern all, without exception, departments that exist today. Scientists distinguish three basic principles of the entire system of government bodies:
- The unity of the system suggests that the activities of the authorities are directly dependent on the will of the people. This principle is enshrined in the main act, the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The unity provision also contains information that the multinational people of Russia directly realize their will through a system of government bodies.
- The democracy of all social relations largely determines the functioning of most departments. According to this principle, the activities of bodies should be as transparent as possible. In addition, democracy speaks of the prevalence of man and his life as fundamental values. A clear manifestation of the principle, of course, is the accountability and accountability of authorities and specific officials.
- Truly key can be called the principle of separation of powers. It determines the existence of three branches of state regulation: judicial, executive and legislative. Based on this principle, the powers of the authorities are divided.
Types of organs in the Russian Federation
Given the fact that a state body is a structure that implements certain functions of the state in specific sectors of activity, it is possible to classify various bodies. To date, there are many types of various departments. Classification is based on various factors. Theorists distinguish several main species groups:
- If we are talking about a place in the structure of the hierarchy of all departments, then there are higher, central and territorial bodies.
- Classification is made upon the formation of personnel of various systems. In accordance with this, electoral authorities and appointees are distinguished.
- According to the staff, bodies can be collective and individual, for example, the President of the Russian Federation.
- The fact that Russia is a federation determines the existence of national, federal and regional bodies. The latter type refers exclusively to the subjects of the Russian Federation.
Of course, the key classification is based on the principle of separation of powers. According to him, without exception, all state bodies are divided into legislative, executive and judicial. It is worth noting that belonging to a specific branch largely determines the authority of the department.
Legislative Authorities
After a series of reformation waves in Europe that took place from the 16th to the 19th century, the principle of parliamentarism became the basis for building any state.
According to it, in any country there should be a special collective body, the activities of which will be implemented by people directly selected by the population. Therefore, in all modern countries there are parliaments. The Russian Federation in this case is no exception. The Parliament of the Russian Federation is the highest federal legislative body. It consists of two chambers: the Federation Council and the State Duma. At the same time, the legislative branch is a whole structure. In addition to the central authority, peculiar parliaments exist at the level of the subjects of the federation.
Executive Offices
The federal state bodies of the executive branch are a system of independent and independent structures that exercise public power. In fact, these departments actually implement the basic functions of the country. If the legislative power issues fundamental regulatory acts, which are the foundation of the legal system, the executive brings such documents, more precisely, their provisions, into effect.
It should be noted that the powers of the state executive body in each individual case are quite broad. Indeed, such departments are empowered to apply imperative, coercion in the process of implementing the provisions of certain regulatory acts for their more effective impact on society.
In the Russian Federation, the executive branch is an extensive and functional phenomenon. Therefore, all organs related to this branch are characterized by a number of specific features.
Signs of executive bodies
The implementation of the provisions of regulatory acts is initially a specific activity. Therefore, the bodies directly implementing it are characterized by some signs, for example:
- they are practical agents of public policy;
- in their work, executive departments are completely independent and independent;
- they have a whole package of rights and material resources;
- the foundations of functioning are law and democracy.
At the same time, the activities of state bodies of the executive branch are highly organized. It is carried out in accordance with the charters, regulations and other departmental regulatory acts. This approach ensures, firstly, the effectiveness of activities, and secondly, its efficiency.
Types of executive bodies
As mentioned earlier, parliament is the highest legislative body. From it comes the branching of the entire system of the same branch of power. The central executive state body is the Government of the Russian Federation. In its activities, this main department controls and coordinates the functioning of smaller structures. For example, the government includes ministers who are heads of ministries. In addition to them, there are federal services and ministries at the federal level of executive power.
There is also a local level of activity of departments of the represented branch. The state bodies of the Russian Federation, related to the territorial level of the executive branch, are represented by committees, departments and main departments.
Judicial Branch and Related Offices
A judicial state body is a department authorized to administer justice in the Russian Federation. This is one of the main powers of such structures. It is worth noting the specifics of their system. The key feature is that there is no division of the judiciary into federal and local. The whole system is strictly centralized. This greatly facilitates the administration of justice and, of course, ensures the right of every citizen to protect their own rights.
The system of judicial authorities includes instances of general jurisdiction, arbitration and constitutional jurisdictions.
Conclusion
So, we examined the federal state bodies of the Russian Federation, which belong to one or another branch of government. In conclusion, it should be noted that all the departments represented effectively carry out their functions from the moment the Russian Federation gained independence. At the same time, with each stage of development, state bodies are increasingly modernizing their activities and the principles of its implementation. Let's hope that this trend does not disappear in the near future.