One of the most pressing problems of today's Russian economy is the rise of industries with knowledge-based industries in order to increase competitiveness. To do this, you need access to advanced technologies and their implementation. This is the state innovation policy.
Theoretically, you can go in two ways: either the acquisition of the know-how of already well-known technologies of world-famous companies, or rely on your own scientific potential. The second is more promising, but here there are barriers, organizational, managerial, financial.
The innovative policy of the state was carried out for many years only in the largest institutions through planning and budget financing, but the laws and features of the innovation process were not taken into account .
In small business, it is innovation business that is particularly vulnerable. History shows the highest innovation activity in this area from 1990 to 1995. But the created assets collapsed, for the most part not even lasting a couple of years - the conditions were too unfavorable:
- exorbitant taxes;
- difficulties in renting premises;
- expensive energy and raw materials.
Innovative enterprises could not rely on state support. That is why we continue to observe a decline in activity in two important areas that can lead Russia to the leaders in the world market: a decline in the manufacturing sector and a decline in the field of scientific and technical. And this proves once again: state innovation policy must change.
I would like to believe that, despite the fact that today the Russian market “grabs” almost any product (and not even always licensed), we will see a powerful development of innovative activity in the next decade , and in particular at the level of enterprises, both large and very large. small ones. An innovative policy should be designed so that all enterprises, regardless of their size, have access to "fresh air": tax cuts, the possibility of introducing new, promising technologies. Having supported the enterprises today, allowing them to gain a foothold and firmly stand on their feet, the country will put in its treasury a larger percentage of profit than it could squeeze out from enterprises trying to stay afloat.
With weak stimulation of innovation (and this is today the main feature of economic life), the country simply cannot develop. And the keys to the exit lie in the major inventions of innovation (basic), the transition to the technology of recent generations. So far, innovation policy is visible in action only in the armed forces. But evidence of Russia's military power has little effect on the living standards of its population.
Innovation policies can be divided into three main sectors.
At the top will definitely lie a rather narrow sector of breakthrough technologies, based on domestic inventions. Here you can ensure priority and create high competitiveness in narrow segments of the global market. With large-scale and skillful implementation of priorities, significant revenues can be achieved.
The next sector is wider. Here you can rely on your licenses and foreign ones. Organization of development on an equal footing. This will allow not only to establish production, but also to supply their products to a serious, competitive market. And it is impossible, again, to keep silent about the conversion of military industry and science. Top-secret developments today can be used in production and bring enormous income.
Another sector, the widest where the country does not have a scientific basis, where there is too little innovative potential (or none at all). It is advisable to use the potential abroad, given the reduction of restrictions on the export of technology (high). Collaboration can be very productive. Not a single country today is capable of independently mastering the whole range of areas in modern science.
Selective innovation policy should rely on the development and implementation of programs that cover the technological chain fully and simultaneously be implemented in the following areas: providing innovators with all the resources (including financing); the creation of engineering firms, marketing and consulting systems, commercial banks for investment, technology exchanges, the formation of market infrastructure, the creation of science cities, free economic zones and so on; development of mechanisms of activity for all entities related to the innovation market, taking into account mutually beneficial cooperation.