If you often relax in your country house, then you probably can’t imagine its territory without a toilet, whether it is in a special house on the street or in the house. This part is an integral attribute of a comfortable stay in a country house. The most common option for such conditions is the restroom, which is equipped with a cesspool of varying volumes, depending on the amount of wastewater entering daily. Toilets on the street can be divided into those that have a cesspool, and those that are deprived of it. The latter are called dry closets and provide a rather expensive installation and maintenance. It will be cheaper to equip a bathroom with a waste cesspool. However, there are cases when you cannot do without a dry closet.
Inability to arrange a cesspool
Sometimes a toilet for a summer residence with a cesspool is not suitable. At the same time, groundwater can be located quite high, soils on the site can be limestone or shale. In addition, the construction of a cesspool is impossible when a sufficiently large number of people live in the house. If you decide to engage in the installation of a backlash closet, you should know that it is a combination of a cesspool and a home bathroom. If you wish to equip such a structure, periodic cleaning of the pit with the help of a cesspool machine should be provided. If this is not possible, then it will not be possible to arrange a cesspool.
Backlash device with a bottomless pit
If you feel the need for a backlash on the site of a country house, you should remember that such structures can be equipped in two ways. The first of them involves digging a regular cesspool, while the second involves creating a system in which waste water will accumulate . The simplest option is a pit without a bottom, but it can be used when the daily amount of sewage from the house does not exceed 1 m 3 . When carrying out work, you must follow sanitary standards, which say that the cesspool is located below the level of drinking water intake, which eliminates the penetration of contaminated water into the drinking well. If clay soil prevails in the area, then the distance between the pit and the drinking well should be 20 m or more. For loamy soils, this parameter increases to 30 m. Sandy and sandy soils provide for the relative position of the above elements no closer than 50 m to each other. If the household discharges more than 1 m 3 of sewage daily, then the cesspool without a bottom should be discarded, replacing it with a structure made of metal, concrete or brick.
Features of heated backlash closet
The backlash closet has a seat with a receiving funnel and fan pipe. The rake is equipped with a hood, which has a second name - a backlash channel. There is also a special draft in the system, which is arranged from a chimney pipe that runs near the backlash closet. The backlash channel inside contains an air column heated by a heat source. The spread of odors is excluded by motivation. If there is no heat source in the lower part of the chimney, a 15 W heating device should be installed. When constructing such a structure, the end of the sewer should be lowered 2 m below the ventilation hole of the play channel. Sewer pipes for the system are made of a variety of materials, namely asbestos cement, cast iron, etc. The sewer pipe is placed in the ceilings of the cesspool and sealed as tight as possible. Before this, the walls of the cesspool should be covered with cement mortar, and then ironed. Outside, a castle made of crumpled clay is installed. Its thickness should be 3 cm. Overlap of the cellar should be insulated with soil backfill. In the outer part of the ceiling there is a cleaning hatch with a pair of covers that should be insulated with slag or peat. The backlash device provides the following backlash channel dimensions: 130x130 mm. The upper part of the backlash channel, which is covered with a fly lamp, is positioned 0.5 m above the chimney.
Features of a sealed cesspool
The device backlash-closet can be carried out on the basis of a sealed pit. The bottom should be equipped with an inclination towards the technological hatch. Such a pit should be removed by 1 m and 10 m from the fence of the site and the house, respectively. It has to be periodically cleaned, which is possible with the help of a cesspool machine.
Professional advice
When mounting a backlash, it should be remembered that the pit should not be deeper than 3 m. Otherwise, emptying it will be ineffective due to the limited length of the machine hose. All sludge will be at the bottom, and it will be impossible to get to it. In order to avoid the accumulation of explosive gas in the tank, ventilation should be equipped. The pipe for this should have 10 cm in diameter, while its height above the surface should be 60 cm.
Independent erection of a toilet with a cesspool
If you decide to equip the toilet in a private house, you must remember that it is cleaned after filling the pit at 2/3 of the depth. Such work can be done not only by machine, but also by hand. Sometimes the object is preserved, the pit is filled up with soil, and then a new place for the toilet is searched. With a rather impressive area of the site, the option of conservation and further transfer of the object can be considered appropriate. If the site is small, then cesspools are pumped out. It is necessary to begin construction work by digging a hole, the depth of which is 2 m or more. In shape, it is a square, the sides of which are 1 m. The master must exclude the shedding of soil, for this reinforced concrete boards are fixed on the walls, stone or brick is laid. The bottom necessary to make tight, for this it is poured with concrete screed or filled with gravel, which will provide drainage. Sometimes it happens that the toilet (backlash closet) becomes the cause of groundwater pollution. If you want to exclude this possibility, the walls and bottom should be sealed with waterproof sealant or similar materials.
Arrangement of the aerial part of the toilet
If the toilet is located outside the house, then a protective structure should be placed on top of the cesspool. The rectangular frame is fixed on the columnar foundation, and bricks or blocks are laid at each corner of the wooden box. It is important to provide waterproofing with roofing material, which is located between the wooden frame and the foundation. The technology for further work will be the same for a detached house and toilet within a private house. Interior partitions or frame beams are treated with a primer mixture and painted. The coating will protect the material from premature decay. Everything is fastened together, and then installed on the foundation posts. In addition, it is necessary to fix vertically standing racks in the amount of 4 pieces, using bolts and metal plates for this. When a backlash is done with your own hands, it is important to expose the partitions or frame vertically using the building level. At the next stage, you can begin the installation of racks for hanging doors. For the construction of the roof, beams are installed, they should protrude slightly around the perimeter beyond the edges of the structure.
Causes of Malfunctioning
Troubleshooting on the backlash closet is compiled by specialists, however, you can determine the reasons for the failure of the system yourself. Siltation of the bottom, contamination of the walls with difficult to wash fractions in the form of fat deposits, which is important for brick structures, can lead to problems. In this case, an unpleasant odor may appear, and the drain hole will fill up quickly. If the toilet in the private house began to malfunction, then you can check if there is a siltation of the bottom. In this case, you should call the scavenger machine, fill the pit with water to thin the silt deposits, and then apply biological products.
Odor and wall pollution
Biological preparations are one of the most effective means that is used to service cesspools. The composition contains microorganisms that use substances clogging the cesspool of food as food. The result of such biological products is the cleaning of the cesspool, the release of the inner surfaces of the pipes from sewage, lowering the level of pollution, preventing siltation, as well as restoring the drainage system.
Cesspool cleaning
The frequency with which the cesspools are pumped out has been mentioned above. But, in addition to this, it is important to know by which technology these works are performed. Self-pumping can be carried out using a pump, for this you need a container for a liquid that is tightly closed and has sufficient capacity. It is important to know that the pump must have a special filter, since without it the equipment will quickly clog. People who constantly live in the house, it is better to purchase a quality pump for cesspools. In the absence of a pump, a rope should be tied to an ordinary bucket, lower it and start scooping up sewage. Waste is poured into the tank, but this technology is unlikely to remove all drains. Therefore, it is better to use a special pump. Sewage pumped out using it will need to be disposed of. Filtered water is poured or disposed of together with the effluent. The tank is cleaned with a water pump that delivers water under pressure. This will exclude stone growths on the walls. After thorough cleaning of sewer pipes.
Conclusion
When pumping out cesspools, it sometimes happens that defects form in the walls. If the pit is made of brick, then in the right place the wall is dug up, and there the foundation blocks of concrete are installed. If there is a cesspool, which is a plastic container, a barrel or car tires, you will need the services of a manipulator. Repairing a system of concrete rings is unlikely to succeed. This is due to the fact that concrete cannot be fixed on the walls of a reinforced concrete structure, which is saturated with fatty waste.