The concept of emancipation is traditionally associated with the weaker sex, which, in an effort to achieve equality in the set of rights and obligations, has been waging a stubborn struggle at all levels for several centuries. This term arose as a counterbalance to mancipation, which the ancient Romans called the rite of imposing an encumbrance on things in the event of a change of ownership or the commission of other acts. Emancipation, however, meant liberating the child from the parental will of Paterfamilias and giving him the freedoms inherent in an adult member of society.
The emancipation of women, as a political and social movement, arose on the crest of the democratic wave of the late 18th century, when the raging French Revolution, among many bold trends, gave birth to the institution of feminism. The current united the most active representatives of the upper and middle strata of society: these were intelligent and educated women who discovered the obvious injustice of gender asymmetry to the world.
The main victory that women’s emancipation was able to achieve on their way was to empower the fair sex with political rights: at first it was only about active suffrage (the right to vote in elections), the next step recognized the equal right of men and women to be elected as members of parliament , the ladies have the opportunity to occupy government posts.
No less important freedoms that the emancipation of women gave the weaker sex are: recognition of the right of women to own property, the right to work and earn equal wages with men.
Recently, opinions have appeared that, in addition to negative consequences such as a decrease in life expectancy, female alcoholism and an increase in the number of divorces, the emancipation of women leads to a gradual deterioration of the human genotype and a decrease in the population. Proponents of this trend argue: independent and self-sufficient, the most educated, highly intelligent and successful girls are in no hurry to start a family and give birth to children, striving to reach heights in their careers. As a result, many of them completely abandon motherhood - of their own free will or due to health problems that appear with age. As a result, the gene pool loses the highest intellectual potential, and the population decreases.
The emancipation in civil law has a different meaning , having much in common with the ancient Roman reading. This concept refers to the acquisition by an underage adolescent of a complete set of citizen rights.
In Russia, a legal act of emancipation is possible in relation to persons from 16 years of age who are engaged in individual entrepreneurial (with parental consent) or other labor activities, which is formalized by the decision of the guardianship authorities. In the absence of consent of one of the parents, a judicial procedure is mandatory. Also, full legal capacity on the basis of a court decision is acquired by citizens over 16 years of age who have married and have given birth to a child. This is also emancipation. Civil law of Russia received this institution “as a gift” from the processes of capitalization of society.