Many residents of urban apartments dream of moving to their own country house, living in the fresh air and in silence. Here is a dream come true - the house is built or purchased. And the owner faces the most difficult and important task: how to heat it. This issue is especially relevant for those who have chosen a future home as the place of their permanent year-round residence. Do not heat the house. In cold weather, it will be impossible to live in it, and the walls can quickly collapse.
Existing heating
In the modern world, it is no longer customary to heat a house with a stove with wood or coal. To do this, there are the latest technologies to maintain the same comfort as in a city apartment. Currently, the most popular is the installation of a gas boiler. But not all settlements, and especially suburban summer cottages, are gasified. The gas supply to the house from the highway will require serious material costs, which not every owner of his own house or cottage can afford.
The same can be said of boilers powered by electricity. Such equipment has good properties: high efficiency, ease of adjustment and the presence of automation. But all the wonderful distinguishing features will be broken about the cost of a kilowatt of electricity consumed.
heating equipment
There is a worthy alternative to those who want to heat their house constantly - long-burning boilers, used solid fuel. This is an excellent substitute for wood-burning stoves that are laid every couple of hours. The structure of such boilers for long burning on wood, the physicochemical properties of solid fuels make it possible to replenish fuel reserves about once every 12-15 hours. Which greatly facilitates life and eliminates the need to constantly monitor the heating. In some of the most modern models of solid fuel boilers for long burning, this period increases to several days. In addition, the specified equipment allows the use, in addition to firewood, of other types of fuel. It remains only to equip the water heating system inside the house and install radiators of the right amount.
Selection options
When choosing a heater, you cannot rely solely on its appearance. Many parameters of long-burning boilers should be taken into account.
- They work on different fuels: firewood, peat, sawdust, straw. The choice of equipment depends on the type of fuel consumed.
- Boilers come in different capacities. It is important to choose just such that he can heat the entire area of the room.
- One of the main indicators when choosing a boiler for long burning on wood or another type of fuel is the volume of the combustion chamber. It depends on how often you have to load fuel.
- Significantly simplify the maintenance of the boiler will help automation. If available, you don’t have to watch the equipment all the time.
- When choosing a boiler, it should be noted the need for an alarm and auto-off function. These are the main elements that ensure the safety of residents during the operation of a long-burning boiler.
- A lot of equipment is powered by electricity. Therefore, if there are interruptions with it, you should choose a boiler that performs heating autonomously, without connecting to the network.
- When choosing solid fuel boilers for long burning, you should pay attention to the operating time at one load. Modern equipment is allowed to load fuel once every few days. It is unlikely that anyone will like to monitor the fuel every few hours.
- Long-burning boilers for the home should be the easiest to manage and maintain. After all, it must be constantly freed from combustion products, laying a new portion of fuel.
- When purchasing the specified equipment, you should pay attention to its cost. Cheap does not mean good. The lower the price, the lower the specifications.
Principle of operation
Pyrolysis is the principle of operation of solid fuel boilers. Any substances decompose when exposed to temperature and a minimum amount of oxygen. Simply put, firewood in a firebox smolders rather than burns. In this process, pyrolysis gas is released. It also burns in an additional furnace under the influence of a certain amount of oxygen. First of all, the operation of a pyrolysis boiler of long burning is built on this principle .
Boiler design
Almost all long-burning boilers consist of two chambers. One camera serves to smolder firewood in it. And the second burns pyrolysis gas. Both fireboxes generate heat. Due to this device, the efficiency is approximately 85%. It can be increased or decreased by adjusting the mode of operation of the boiler, that is, by adjusting the oxygen supply.
Internal organization
The design of boilers is different. They can be rectangular or round. The location of the furnaces can be one above the other or on the same horizontal plane. The ignition zone is also located in different places: above or below the fuel tab. Oxygen can be supplied both from the side and from the bottom.
Types of boilers for the intended purpose
The combustion chambers in boilers of long burning can be one or two. According to this attribute, they are called so: single-circuit and double-circuit. The first are intended only for heating the room. This happens due to the presence of one heat exchanger that heats the water, which subsequently circulates through the heating circuit. Double-circuit differs in the presence of another (additional) heat exchanger, which is used for hot water supply. It is called a serpentine. It joins the water supply and eliminates the need to purchase a boiler. The supply of hot water for domestic needs will be provided to them.
Production material
Fuel-fired boilers are made of cast iron or steel. Cast iron provides high corrosion resistance, reliability and a long service life. It retains heat for a long time, cooling slowly. Its minus is too much weight. And the price of long-burning boilers from this material is high. A good alternative to cast iron can be a steel boiler. True, you will have to protect it from rust and get used to the rapid loss of heat. But such a small unit in weight is much easier to deliver and install. Between these boilers, there is a difference not only in the metal of manufacture, but also in design. Steel located the heating system inside, and cast iron - on the water supply to the boiler.
Method of fuel combustion
By this feature, pyrolysis and classic boilers can be distinguished. The second consists of one chamber, and pyrolysis - of two. Located one above the other and connected by a nozzle. Fuel is laid in the upper chamber, where it burns out with a minimum supply of oxygen, releasing gas burning in the second chamber. This system provides additional heating. In addition, pyrolysis boilers are more profitable from the point of view of ecology and the need for cleaning, which must be performed much less frequently than with classic ones.
Air supply method
According to this feature, boilers with additional draft (volatile) and without it (non-volatile) are distinguished. The former have a fan that directs air into the combustion chamber. Secondly, such a device is missing. Air flows on its own.
Fuel loading method
More modern models of long-burning boilers, the price of which are higher, are equipped with automatic fuel supply. It is enough to load it into a special bunker, and the automation will independently feed it into the combustion chamber. Thus, the operation of the boiler will be autonomous for several days. In conventional devices, the fuel must be loaded continuously as it burns, that is, once every few hours.
Water circuit
A solid fuel long-burning boiler with a water circuit can not only heat the room, but also provide residents with hot water for household and hygiene needs. A boiler is added to a conventional device, which is a modern technological solution. It should be borne in mind the higher cost of such a unit, compared with a conventional boiler. But the functionality of a long-burning boiler with a water circuit, durable high-quality material of manufacture will not make you regret your purchase.
Positive reviews
Before buying a product or choosing a service, you should not take the time to read the existing reviews. Especially when it comes to purchasing for a long time and such a functional device as a long-burning water boiler. He, with the right choice, can significantly simplify the life of the owner of residential real estate. Inattention when buying, on the contrary, can lead to an additional waste of time, effort and money on its maintenance.
The opinions of customers agree that such boilers are very economical and can be used for a long time. In addition, today's market presents a large number of models, distinguishable both in their functions and in price. The latter is not prohibitive and is available to almost every home owner. Reliability, the ability to work without connecting to gas or electricity are still important factors that add a positive opinion to the piggy bank of a solid fuel long-burning boiler with a water circuit. The fuel used for the device (coal, firewood, peat) is also available to consumers at a cost.
Negative opinion
Disadvantages of boilers are also available. They should be known before deciding to purchase equipment. So, fuel is required, for example, firewood for long-burning boilers, and they need a sufficient amount. Before buying, you should think about where to organize a place for storing fuel and the location of the unit itself. In small rooms, such a question can turn into a whole problem. In addition, firewood, peat, sawdust need preliminary drying.
In such boilers there is another significant minus - the temperature for hot water supply is not regulated. The fact that the fuel must be laid periodically may seem inconvenient. In the least modern and cheapest models, this will need to be done every few hours. That is, leaving the boiler unattended, residents risk returning to the cooled house. Automation to eliminate this drawback has not yet been created.
It is not easy to install the boiler yourself, as certain difficulties arise. Almost all who bought it turn to professionals for help. Few people know that installation on a wooden floor is prohibited. If the coating is made of wood, a non-combustible stand must be made at the installation site. There are also some more installation rules. The equipment should be lifted from the floor by at least 25 cm. The heating pipes must be installed as firmly as possible to avoid leaks.
Overview of the best boiler models
There are many long-burning solid fuel boilers. It is important among the models on the market to choose the option that is most suitable for its technical characteristics and cost.
So, the leading place is rightfully occupied by the Stropuva S 40 boiler, which runs on fuels such as firewood, coal, wood briquettes. A Lithuanian-Russian company is engaged in production, producing boilers with the highest efficiency (95%). A large volume of the combustion chamber (320 dm cubic meters) allows you to load 50 kg of fuel. Uninterrupted operation can be carried out for 130 hours, that is, more than five days. Such a boiler is able to heat a room with an area of 400 square meters. They are available only single-circuit and are used for heating.
The second place in the rating of long-burning water-fired boilers for wood and other fuels belongs to Zota Pellet 25, operating on wood pellets. They are produced by a Russian company. For the convenience of users, the boilers are equipped with a liquid crystal display showing all the necessary information: operation status, settings, errors. A built-in automatic system monitors and controls the boiler and all secondary devices. Several circulation pumps for the heating system and underfloor heating can be connected to it. The efficiency of this boiler is slightly lower than the previous one (90%), the heating of the room is provided up to 250 square meters. The boiler can operate in uninterrupted mode for up to 50 hours, a little more than two days.
The third place is rightfully occupied by German-made equipment - Buderus Logano G221-20. Like everything that is produced in Germany, this equipment is highly reliable and stable in operation, meeting European quality standards. True, the boiler does not provide for automatic fuel loading, but this disadvantage is more than compensated by high efficiency (90%) and power up to 20 kW. The heat exchanger is made of cast iron, which, as you know, has a higher heat transfer coefficient than steel. Thus, heating occurs in a short time. Acceptable fuel for such a boiler: firewood, coal, coke.
The fourth place in the ranking is given to a cast-iron boiler of Slovak manufacture - Protherm Beaver 50 DLO. This rightfully belongs to him, as the boiler has excellent characteristics: high efficiency (90%) and power up to 40 kW, which allows heating a room with an area of up to 260 square meters. In order to prevent the loss of a large amount of heat, inorganic wool used between the firebox and the body is used as insulating material.
Domestic manufacturers do not lag behind foreign ones and also offer consumers good equipment at a reasonable price. The fifth place belongs to just such a boiler - Teplodar Kupper OK30. Its efficiency is not as high as that of the previous ones - 84%. But a power of 39 kW smoothes out this drawback, allowing you to spend only 20 minutes on heating water to operating temperature. In addition, the boiler is able to heat the room up to 300 square meters. Firewood, coal, and gas with electricity can be used as fuel. Such multifunctionality provides the equipment with its place in the top five market leaders.
Cost Rating
The price of heating equipment is an important component of consumer choice. Many simply do not have enough money to afford the most expensive boiler. This does not mean that at a lower price it is impossible to find a boiler with good technical characteristics.
For example, a long-burning boiler Siberia-Gefest KBO 20 TE is quite capable of heating a house with an area of 200 square meters. It is reliable to use, light in weight, and capable of stable operation. However, it is not made of the best insulating material. About the same can be said about the boiler "Mozyr KST 2.5" of the Belarusian manufacturer and the Russian - "EVAN WARMOS TT-25K".