A wooden house is the most comfortable and environmentally friendly housing. Various technologies can improve the safety of such a structure - remove excess moisture, increase fire safety and insulation properties. But one of the most important issues in construction remains the design of a heating system for a wooden house.
Varieties of boilers for heating
The following boilers can be used to heat the area of the house:
- gas (the fuel for them is natural or liquefied gas);
- solid fuel (those that process coal, firewood, briquettes, etc.);
- electric (the source of power for those is electricity);
- liquid fuel (diesel) boilers.
Each of these species has its own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages.
The most beneficial heating system in a wooden house is gas. Absolutely all models are fully automated, simple and inexpensive to operate. For a house, the construction of which provides for 2 or more floors, such an installation is considered the most profitable. In addition, if the boiler is modern, installation of equipment for heating water will not be required.
Among the disadvantages of this equipment are:
- the need for gas supply (that is, connection to the main is required, operation with liquefied gas is possible only for a short period);
- Installation and commissioning should be carried out by specialists.
Solid fuel boilers require significant supplies of material. But despite the time-consuming installation and maintenance process, such systems are popular, especially in regions where there is no gas supply and frequent power outages are observed.
Electrical equipment is ideal for small buildings (up to 200 m 2 ). For large areas, such a system is inefficient, because it consumes at least 100 watts of power per 1 m 2 . To increase productivity, it will take a lot of time, equipment replacement and documentation replacement. In addition, high performance equipment is dangerous.
Liquid fuel boilers are somewhat more economical to use than electric ones. The pluses include:
- autonomy;
- simplicity in operation;
- security.
Among the shortcomings are:
- the need to build a separate building under the boiler room;
- difficulty in installation;
- high cost.
Do-it-yourself heating in a wooden house
In addition to the standard connection to the boiler, it is also possible to install a system with a furnace. An ordinary stove has a significant drawback - the heat in the house diverges unevenly. Modern furnaces for heating are different from the usual "Russian".
Such equipment is equated to a primitive solid fuel boiler. A significant difference between these systems is the presence of a chimney in the furnace. The oven also warms up the adjacent wall.
Oven heating in a wooden house is often mounted in places where there is no gas main, there are often interruptions in the electrical system, and the installation of a gas holder is impractical.
The connection and divorce system may be different, but the design of the furnace does not depend on these parameters.
The boiler is installed in the following order:
- First of all, it is necessary to equip the ventilation system. In special cases, the installation of a hood is allowed.
- Next, a chimney is prepared.
- After installing and checking the chimney, the boiler is connected, and all joints are carefully sealed with clay.
- At the end of the boiler installation, radiators are connected, then the system is checked for leaks and performance.
Placement of the heating system
When placing systems in a wooden house, these fire safety standards, as well as sanitary instructions and safety rules, should be taken into account.
Some boilers (for example, electric) can be placed directly in the house or basement. The only requirement is minimum room humidity.
The remaining heating systems should be placed in specially equipped boiler or boiler rooms.
The boiler room can be located both within the house and in a separate room, depending on the parameters of the boiler and the type of fuel.
How to choose the right equipment
In order to choose the best heating for a wooden house, you should:
- choose the design power (depends on many parameters, for example, the area of the house, building material, climatic zone, modernization of the room, etc.);
- choose a system (steam or water, stove);
- take into account the energy potential of the region (the presence of a particular type of fuel).
Equally important are the parameters:
- ecological cleanliness (the system and coolants should not have a negative impact on the environment and residents of the house);
- Fire safety;
- profitability.
How to make heating in a wooden house
For small buildings, water heating will be an excellent heating option. The principle of its operation is quite simple: the coolant (water, transformer oil, etc.) with a certain temperature enters the radiators, gives energy to the surrounding space and returns. It is possible to install a system with natural circulation - it does not require a pump to operate. Also, it is completely autonomous and does not depend on the availability of electricity in the house.
To install water heating in a wooden house you will need:
- radiators;
- pipes with accessories (couplings, half couplings, elbows, adapters, etc.);
- oven or boiler;
- expansion tank;
- tools (keys, soldering iron for pipes, scissors, etc.).
Installation takes place in several stages:
- Drawing up the layout of equipment and radiators.
- Installation of radiators. At the same time, the norms of dimensions and slopes, as well as the distance from the floor and walls, must be maintained.
- Approach to pipe batteries. There are several options: upper, lower, diagonal. The choice of connection depends on the number of radiators.
- Next, the boiler is first launched and the system is checked for leaks.
Schemes of water heating of a private house
Water furnace heating in a wooden house can be performed according to two schemes: single and double circuit.
The first is quite simple and ideal for small one-story buildings. When choosing this system, the need to install a circulation pump should be considered. If such equipment is not installed, the room will warm up unevenly.
The dual-circuit system can also be made with natural and forced circulation. In the first case, the special bias of the heating pipes in a wooden house and radiators should be taken into account. For houses with two or more floors, it is still advisable to install circulation pumps.
Placement of a boiler for water heating is completely unimportant. The absence of the need to build a boiler room or a special room for the boiler makes this system more preferable among the rest.
What are the alternative heating options?
Today, residents of private houses have identified the most beneficial options for heating a wooden house:
- Diesel fuel (diesel fuel). Despite the high cost, this method is ideal when it is impossible to supply sufficient power to the grid.
- Solid fuel. Mostly coal is used. This type of fuel is about 2 times cheaper than electricity.
- Alternative sources. Wind turbines and solar panels are quite popular.
Air system: pros, cons and features
Such a heating system for a private wooden house is the most modern and technological solution. The air system automatically maintains the required level of humidity in the room. This feature allows you to save a wooden structure without deformation and distortion for many years.
The advantages in installing air heating are:
- space saving for the installation of radiators;
- the ability to install in houses that are made of timber, logs, number of storeys of the building also does not cause installation difficulties;
- when air is supplied to the system, the room is simultaneously ventilated;
- You can connect a central air conditioner and air purification filters to the installation.
The negative points are:
- the need to create a project before building a house;
- high price;
- difficulty in cleaning.
Electric heating. Nuances and reviews
Before installing an electric heating system for a wooden house, it is necessary to choose the principle of its operation. The following types of electric boilers exist:
The first model has a fairly large power - 3-16 kW. This option is suitable for areas up to 100 m 2. Among the advantages distinguish:
- quick heating of water and home;
- high efficiency - up to 0.9.
The negative point is the difficulty in preparing the coolant and the selection of resistance.
The second model can also have high power (single-phase - up to 6 kW, and three-phase - up to 30 kW). TEN boilers are made in the form of heat exchange chambers with special heating elements.
Users note the following positive features of the system:
- any water is used as a heat carrier;
- fast heating of large areas.
Cons of the installation are:
- the need for a three-phase network;
- network installation at 380 V.
System "Warm floor"
There are several types of floor heating in a wooden house, but the best option is an infrared heating system. The advantages of this system are:
- the possibility of heating large areas;
- durability;
- inexpensive service;
- uniform heating of the air (in the house there will not be excessive moisture, and therefore various fungi);
- ease of installation;
- security;
- The system is serviced by experienced specialists from private companies.
Unfortunately, underfloor heating cannot be used for certain diseases, such as diabetes.
Installing a warm floor system is quite simple and consists of several stages:
- sealing and thermal insulation of concrete floors;
- laying the cable on a thin concrete screed;
- cable reinforcement;
- installation of temperature sensors;
- solution sealing system;
- flooring suitable cover (tiles, laminate, etc.).
If the floor in the house is made of wood, the cable should be attached to a metal mesh between the lags. Heat transfer should be considered - this parameter should be less than on concrete structures.
Reviews of various systems
Users recommend various heating schemes for a wooden house. So, in the northern regions they prefer to install combined systems (mainly "gas-electricity"). The latter are very convenient, since in the event of a failure in the supply of one energy source, the house will be heated by another.
In more remote regions, stove heating is popular.
For a house with an area of 80 m2 or more, users choose electric heating. They argue their decision with inconsistent prices for blue fuel.
Which option is the most economical
Heating a wooden house has many features in both design and installation. When choosing a system, it is worth considering all the costs of the device and maintenance.
Today, users recommend installing gas heating. Despite the high cost of materials, it is the most economical and safe. Checking and repairing gas systems is also not difficult, because all parts are in an accessible area.
Installing electrical equipment is much cheaper than gas. A significant drawback is the high flow rate of the coolant. Therefore, this method is less economical than gas heating.