A private house with an attic or several floors requires stairs. It can become a real decoration of the existing interior. At the same time, the design must be strong, safe during operation. There are building codes and requirements on how to make a staircase in a private house. Having studied all the nuances of the work, you can build such a structure yourself.
Design features
Even a master, who does not have sufficient experience in carrying out such work, can make a staircase to the 2nd floor, to the attic or attic with his own hands. Before you start creating the structure, you will need to consider a few examples, choose the appropriate type and configuration of the structure. Better if the stairs are simple.
In some cases, to simplify the assembly procedure, owners can purchase a ready-made kit, which includes all the parts for assembling the stairs. All its structural elements will need to be assembled using dowels and metal corners. There are metal structures. They are assembled by welding. Ready-made kits greatly simplify the process of creating stairs. However, the appearance of such a structure will be typical.
It is much more interesting to make all the parts for installation yourself. The design will be original, as much as possible fits into the existing interior. Of course, the construction of such a ladder will take more time. However, the result will exceed all expectations.
How to make a staircase to the attic or second floor? Most often, wood is used for these purposes. Almost every master can process this material. First you need to develop a project for the future product. At the same time, building requirements are taken into account. Such a ladder will be safe and comfortable to use. Design design will also need to be given sufficient attention.
Structural elements
Considering how to make a staircase with your own hands, you need to study its main structural elements. This will allow you to develop a construction plan. Mandatory elements that are present in the design of any staircase include steps and supports. Depending on the type of staircase, other structural elements may be present in it.
Steps consist of steps and risers. The second element is not present in all designs. The tread can be fixed directly on the side supports. In this case, the lower vertical part of the steps is not used.
The support supports the span with steps. It can be made in the form of a bowstring, kosour or stand. Also, the stairs can be fixed with bolts. The bowstring is the side faces of the structure to which the steps are attached. Kosour supports them from below. The rack is used in screw structures. Bolts are dowels made of metal of a special shape. They crash into the wall and side of the steps.
If the stairs are not surrounded on both sides by walls, a railing must be present in it. They rely on balusters. These are not only functional, but also decorative parts of the stairs.
March construction
Considering options for how to make a staircase to the second floor, it is necessary to choose the most suitable type of structure. At the same time, the free space in the room on which the structure can be installed is evaluated. If there is enough space, it is best to build a marching structure. It can be placed near the wall or in the center of the room.
Under the flight of stairs you can equip the pantry. This is the most simple type of construction in execution. This is one or more inclined spans with steps. Between such structures are horizontal platforms. Such a ladder will allow not only to move up and down along it, but also to transfer overall things to the second floor.
Considering how to make a wooden staircase, you need to choose this option if there is enough space in the room. It’s convenient for elderly people and children to walk along such steps. There are several requirements that need to be considered when developing such a design. The minimum number of steps in one span should be 3 pcs., And the maximum - 16 pcs. If the ladder is longer, it will be unsafe during operation. In this case, create between the two spans a site with a length of one step of an adult.
The steps rest on a kosour or bowstring. The first option is easier to execute, so it is used more often. When choosing wood, you need to give preference to quality materials without defects. It is better to purchase grades of medium hardness. They will be quite durable. The material can be processed manually.
Buckle construction
In search of a better project of how to make a staircase in the house with their own hands, some owners stop their attention on designs with bolts. Such a construction will be durable. At the same time, it will seem to soar in the air. This is due to the presence of such a special structural element as the bolt. This is a strong and fairly thick threaded bolt.
This configuration of the fastener allows you to embed it in the material of the tread. In this case, special decorative supports in the form of racks are installed between the steps. Such a ladder can be installed both in a small and spacious room. It will become a real decoration of almost any interior.
Please note that such a structure can not be mounted in the center of the room. Nearby there must be a wall. Otherwise, the bolts will not be on what to fix. This feature should be taken into account at the planning stage of the future structure.
Such a ladder takes up relatively little space, which cannot be said about the marching construction. It looks stylish and beautiful, harmoniously blending into modern interiors.
Features screw design
Choosing how to make a ladder of wood with your own hands, you can consider the screw structure. It takes up minimal space in the room. This option is suitable for a small cottage or cottage. A spiral staircase can be installed in any suitable area of the room. It does not need additional support in the form of a wall.
However, it is difficult to design and build such a staircase. Also on the spiral staircase will be difficult to climb to the elderly and young children. With the help of this building it will not be possible to lift the overall things to the second floor. The calculation of this type of structure must be approached with all responsibility. A mandatory element of a spiral staircase is the presence of a railing.
With the proper manufacture of the stairs and the selection of a suitable design, it can become the main decoration of the room. In the center of the stairs there is a rack on which the steps are fixed. They should expand to the edge. Most often, metal is used to create the rack. It is more reliable and stronger than wood.
To make a staircase with your own hands on the second floor, you will need to firmly fix the rack. They will be attached to it by the narrow end of the step in a spiral. Railing can have a different configuration. Much attention is also paid to the supports under them. They can be thin or dimensional. This gives the staircase a certain decorative effect. When creating balusters, you need to install a sufficient number of them. The distance between them cannot be large.
Screw Design
If the owners of the house have chosen a screw type of construction, they must calculate and draw up a detailed plan. How to make a staircase of this type with your own hands? There are a number of rules. First, the dimensions of the opening in the overlap are calculated. It is better that it be of medium size, otherwise the climb will be steep.
Next, note where the center of this opening is located. To do this, draw diagonals from the corners of a square or rectangle. At their intersection there will be a center. This point is projected on the floor surface in the room of the first floor and ceiling. The center of the support will be attached here. The length of the steps cannot exceed the distance from the center to the edge of the opening.
The steps should extend to the edge. Here, their width should be from 42 cm or more. In the center of such a tread, this figure will be 20 cm. You can’t do less width. The railing should closely follow the span configuration. The distance between the balusters should be at least 15 cm. If there are small children in the house, this figure is best reduced to 10 cm. Most often, the railing supports should be purchased separately. In this case, they will have a curved shape, giving the staircase a spectacular look.
Building codes
Considering how to make a staircase to the attic, you also need to find out in detail the requirements for such structures. Building codes stipulate the need to install a railing for any staircase that is not located between two walls. Their height should be from 80 to 90 cm (depending on the growth of the owners of the house). Railings are based on balusters. The distance between them should not exceed 20 cm. If small children move along the stairs, this indicator is reduced by 2 times.
The angle of inclination of the structure must not exceed 55 °. The more gentle the lift, the more construction will take up space in the room. In this case, you will need to use more building materials. However, if there are elderly people in the house, you need to make an elevation angle of 30-35 °.
Steps should have a step length of at least 20 cm. It is recommended to increase this indicator (if possible) to 30 cm. It is worth considering that all steps should have the same height. Otherwise, you can stumble and fall. The number of steps must be odd. This is due to the physiology of the leg muscles. They feel a uniform load if the span consists of an odd number of steps.
The span width should be 1-1.2 m. You can make the stairs wider if there are a lot of people in the house, and they can simultaneously go down and up the stairs.
Layout
Studying the method of how to make a staircase, you need to pay attention to creating a design plan. First, a floor plan is created. Next, you need to enter the selected version of the stairs into the existing interior. All circuit elements must be scaled. The exact dimensions are indicated.
To create a diagram of the stairs, measure the room and determine what space can be allocated for the structure. Next, draw a triangle on paper from the selected point. Its hypotenuse will correspond to the length of the span with steps. The legs are the height of the stairs and its length. Next, the angle of inclination is determined. If it complies with building codes, you can proceed with further calculations. Otherwise, adjustments are made, for example, making two instead of one span. Between them will be a horizontal platform.
Next, calculate the number of steps. The length of the hypotenuse must be divided by the width of the treads. The height of the stairs must be divided by the number of steps. Get the size of the risers. It should be about 11-14 cm. The width of the span is indicated in the plan. Based on the data obtained, it will be possible to create skewers.
Parts manufacturing
Studying the method of how to make a staircase from wood, you need to pay attention to creating the necessary details. According to the created drawing, it will be necessary to make the necessary structural elements.
On a massive board (at least 6 cm thick), marking is applied for the manufacture of a kosour. This is an inclined plane, which on one side has projections for the steps. On the kosoura, the length for installing the treads can be reduced by 2 cm. All the protrusions should be the same.
They also make treads and risers. All structural elements will need to be well sanded. After that, the composition is coated with an antibacterial and fire fighting composition.
Next, cut out the railing. Their surface should be smooth. There should be no bumps on it. You can create balusters using a milling machine. If there is no special equipment, it is better to purchase the missing structural elements. After that, it will be possible to proceed with the assembly of the stairs.
Installation of stairs
The technique of how to make a staircase with your own hands involves the assembly of parts in a certain sequence. First, a support bar is mounted on the floor of the first floor. They are leaning against him. Above on the ceiling, you will need to make ledges to install these parts of the stairs. Loosening of structural elements is unacceptable. All parts are fixed tightly. For fixing, anchor dowels and metal corners are used. The position of the kosour is checked using the building level.
Next, a riser is installed on the assembled structure. For this, metal corners are used. They lay on it a gait. It is fixed with screws. So advance from bottom to top.
Balusters are installed on each step. It is better if there are 2 of them. on each step. A railing is laid on top. After this, the surfaces are ground again. They are varnished in 2 layers. On the steps you can lay a track or other materials. They should not be slippery.
Having considered the method of how to make a staircase in a private house, you can build a solid, beautiful structure with your own hands.