If you want to build a safe, warm and reliable home, do not forget about installing a sandwich pipe. It is a two or three-circuit chimney, which combines the centuries-old experience of builders, modern technology and ingenuity with not quite standard solutions. Such a design has a lot of advantages, including the presence of insulation and compliance with standards for the arrangement of furnaces of various modifications. Consider ways to equip this design, safety measures and the use of these elements.
general information
The correct installation of a sandwich pipe depends on the competent preparation of project documentation. Only with well-thought-out diagrams and drawings, is it possible to really comply with all standards, including fire safety. This will prevent from subsequent modifications or alterations in the construction of a bathhouse or apartment building. Equipping prefabricated buildings with such a structure requires accurate calculations. This is especially important for the independent manufacture of the chimney, since the comfort and safety of living in the house will depend on the quality of assembly of the device.
Installation of a sandwich pipe
Installation of the chimney of the specified type is carried out after appropriate measurements. In private residential buildings, this design is in demand, due to the safety and ease of operation. Before starting the installation, study the features of the product itself, which is a pair of pipes of different diameters inserted one into another. At the same time, the space between the elements remains open or is filled with non-combustible type insulation. Such a device has a high fastening speed, low weight of the entire system, extreme smoothness of the internal parts, excellent traction and low soot formation.
An important recommendation - do not mount the chimney without the appropriate knowledge and skills. Together with the kit there is an instruction in which the main tips for installing a sandwich pipe with schematic and textual explanations are indicated. You can find some of them in this article.
Conclusion through floors
In the case of a complex design, it is necessary to carefully consider the installation of the chimney "sandwich". Installation of a chimney from a sandwich pipe is best done by consulting with a specialist. This is to confirm the reliability and practicality of the design used. Regardless of the configuration of the chimney, it belongs to one of the most dangerous sources of fire. In this regard, the arrangement of the device, especially in a residential building, should not be accompanied by a negligent and unprofessional attitude.
In order to ensure the correct installation of the sandwich pipe on the roof through the floors, you should purchase a special unit for the construction of the ceiling passage unit. Its dimensions should coincide with the dimensions of the fixture being installed. Such a manufacture allows the unit to be placed as close to contacting surfaces as possible.
Design Features:
- high parameters and the possibility of lining the system with insulating material;
- it is best to use basalt cotton wool that can withstand high temperatures as an insulator;
- when buying, pay attention to the thermal indicator, which should be at least 800 degrees Celsius.
Features
If you comply with the current rules for installing a sandwich pipe, the installation of the chimney from the sandwich pipes must be carried out at a distance of at least 380 millimeters between the inner part and the wooden coating. In this case, the box must be filled with special material.
It happens that the distance between the rafters does not make it possible to comply with these parameters. In this situation, the aperture is increased with the help of additional bars. Experts recommend using galvanized sheets or asbestos analogues with a thickness of five millimeters or more as protection for wooden logs and laths. Galvanization is attractive because it prevents the spread of fire and evenly dissipates heat, preventing it from focusing locally in one place. In addition, such sheets shield and reflect the radiation coming from the main pipe. At these points, the main advantage of installing a sandwich pipe lies. Installation of a single version is carried out at a distance of at least 500 mm.
Security measures
The higher the temperature of the exhaust gases, the more actively the chimney heats up, including all the structural parts used in its arrangement. In this regard, it is important to worry about the reliable protection of the passage elements. It is not as simple as it might seem at first glance. You will understand this with a few examples below.
Ordinary wood without special impregnation begins to carbonize at 200 degrees Celsius. A dry tree can catch fire at 200 ° C. If exposure to wooden structures takes a long time, a temperature of 170 ° C is considered dangerous. It is the latter factor that often causes fires, even if a high-quality sandwich pipe is installed.
Experts advise to make overlapping of sufficient thickness so that the heat flux from the pipe to the walls and wooden parts practically does not reach. It is worth noting that the wood itself is able to accumulate heat, with time perceiving it worse. In a few hours, the insulation does not warm up to a critical figure, however, stoves assure that as a result of the heating season, materials are able to accumulate heat with a subsequent change in the chemical composition of the components.
Recommendations
When installing sandwich pipes on the roof, it should be remembered that prolonged and constant heating of the wood contributes to its ignition even at 130 degrees Celsius. Remember that on the outside of the chimney this indicator can reach 200 ° C. What can this lead to? For example, the owners drowned a stove or fireplace for many seasons without any problems, and once overexposed it for a couple of hours more (it was a particularly frosty winter day or other need). As a result, a critical temperature was added to wood that has been dried over the years, which causes a fire.
Care should be taken if mineral wool is used as thermal insulation elements. From thermal exposure, the material changes its parameters and can become more heat-conducting. This does not mean that the cotton wool will surely catch fire, but the external contour of the chimney in a certain place will be hotter than the calculated indicator. Often this point is forgotten to take into account, which subsequently leads to problems. Experienced experts recommend that you do not build too tight insulation, since natural air circulation is necessary.
Other mistakes made
Quite often, users when installing sandwich pipes through the roof allow non-observance of the required distance between the rafters. It is worth emphasizing that the emptiness in the ceiling node is also not recommended when arranging the chimney.
It must be borne in mind that the insulating material settles over time, which provokes the insecurity of the joint of the conjugate wall ceilings. If this place burns out, it is almost impossible to extinguish the flames in it. If it is planned to mount a water tank on the chimney, the installation diagram will look as shown in the photo below.
If the equipment cannot be delivered directly under the chimney a sandwich pipe, the assembly, installation and installation of the "sandwich" is carried out using a special tee.
Arrangement through the walls of a home or bath
Modern technologies provide two ways of mounting this design: indoors or along the street. Often you can see chimneys that are arranged outward directly through the wall, followed by an upward direction. There is a reasonable "grain" in this, since such a pipe cools faster, does not pass through the ceiling, which can provoke a fire. Despite the fact that the installation of kiln sandwich pipes through the attic allows you to get an additional heat source, the likelihood of fire in this case increases significantly.
No matter how surprising it may seem, the external contour of a stainless steel practically does not differ in temperature from a single-circuit analog. In reality, such chimneys are designed to increase traction, and the exhaust gases are heated to 800 degrees Celsius at the outlet. The temperature of the outside reaches 300 ° C, which may not be safe in terms of fire standards.
Step-by-step instructions for installing a sandwich chimney
Installation of the chimney "sandwich pipe" through the wall is carried out according to the following scheme:
- At the beginning of the work, the horizontal workpiece is calculated according to the length and diameter. In this case, the arrangement of a special tee should be considered. Also, in the calculations, a roof slope is noted so that the pipe does not appear at a critically small distance to the cornice.
- The box inserted into the wall partition is filled with non-combustible components of basalt origin.
- Close the passage with a lid so that a layer of cardboard is visible.
- At the edges, the lid is masked with a platband, which is present in the decoration of the facade of the house (siding, plastic, etc.)
- Edging is treated with roofing sealant without color;
- At the outlet of the chimney put a revision branch.
- Installation of a sandwich chimney with a brick pipe is carried out by means of special bracket mounts every 1.5-2 meters.
- After installation, check the verticality of the structure using the building level.
- The seam should be deployed to the front of the house. It must be maximally protected from possible fire. An example you will see in the photo below.
The nuances of organizing the system through the roof and cornice
The correct installation of a sandwich pipe through the roof consists in observing the same rules that are used when arranging the structure through the ceiling. Warranty distances to wooden components must be observed, avoiding errors that could contribute to a fire.
The chimney through the roof cools an order of magnitude faster than the built-in counterpart. However, many users believe that in this configuration, you can reduce the distance to the rafters due to the ventilated space. This is not entirely true, since for the insulation of the structure it will still be necessary to observe the verified distances and standards characteristic of interfloor ceilings.
To complete the installation of the sandwich pipe of the furnace, it is necessary to make a special roofing. Such a device can be ordered from the masters, or mounted by means of making edges under the "ridge" of the roof at a sufficient distance.
Guide to fastening using modern materials
If the installation of the sandwich chimney on the roof is made of ondulin, the installation of the chimney pipe requires compliance with certain rules, including taking into account the possibility of smoldering and fire of the paint and varnish components with which the material is processed.
Proper installation is carried out in compliance with the following steps:
- First, a "nest" for future construction is cut from a sheet of corrugated board. Its size will be 300 millimeters in height and 100 mm below the intended location of the pipe.
- For the chimney, roofing is made of galvanized steel, which is mounted from the bottom. It should go at least 150 mm on the ondulin.
- Remove the top sheet of corrugated board, lay the top of the groove, cover its lateral branches with 200 mm.
- Fix the removed sheet in its place.
- Seams are closed and sealed to prevent possible leaks.
- Warming is performed by lining the pipe with non-combustible materials, which are fastened with an annealed wire.
- Think over the chimney cover in the form of a galvanized umbrella.
- Re-treat problem areas with a sealant of a heated or self-adhesive type.
- If the installation of a sandwich pipe in a bathhouse or house is made with a metal roof, the chimney can be fixed by means of bent scraps from which the roof is assembled.
- At the finish stage, they check the operation of the entire system.
Enamelled options
Unlike a brick sandwich pipe, the installation of enamel pipes involves the use of high-quality carbon steel. The protective coating is applied by a double-sided layer, the thickness of which cannot be less than 0.3 mm. To do this, dip the workpiece in a special solution.
Enameled chimneys, properly prepared for use, have several advantages, namely:
- withstand temperatures up to 900 degrees Celsius;
- have strong corrosion protection;
- resistant to thermal fluctuations;
- the outer and inner surfaces are as smooth as possible, which guarantees good protection against soot, which practically does not accumulate;
- black coating color fits perfectly into the interior and exterior of any room.
Enameled modern pipes can operate at temperatures up to 450 degrees, and in the short-term operation mode they are not afraid of indicators up to 1160 ° C. Experts recommend equipping the structures in question, coupled with modern heating equipment, focused on similar thermal indicators. For baths, high-strength steel and cast-iron chimneys are better suited.
Modular and double-walled variations
To make it easier to adapt enamelled modifications to buildings of any number of storeys and configurations, they are produced in modular varieties that allow you to combine the number and size of elements.
They include:
- simple and modular “sandwiches”, consisting of a pair of segments with insulation placed between them;
- additional components, including plugs, tees, adapters, adapters and umbrella covers;
- fixing brackets for fixing and supporting the product;
- roof and ceiling protective covers and panels to protect against possible fire and mechanical deformation.
It is worth noting that the development of chimneys of the "sandwich" type is due to the need to increase the parameters of materials in terms of heat conservation and fire safety. The design provides for special bends called bells. By this principle, not only modular options are assembled, but also single pipes.
Advantages and disadvantages
Among the objective advantages of the considered designs, the following points are noted:
- light weight;
- the ability to combine with most heating devices;
- minimization of condensation formation;
- aesthetic appearance;
- compact dimensions;
- versatility displayed in the installation, both indoors and outdoors;
- slight clogging of the working parts with soot;
- immunity to corrosion;
- design, allowing you to make a chimney with curved elements;
- Fire safety;
- no additional base required.
The cons include a rather high price and the possibility of depressurization. To prevent the second problem, it is necessary to check the insulation layer and the integrity of the elements. This is especially important to do after prolonged use, as the expansion or contraction of the modules due to temperature changes is possible.
Operation and maintenance
Installing a sandwich pipe in a brick oven does not guarantee complete elimination of the accumulation of soot particles. Even insignificant soot helps to reduce the useful area of the working space, which provokes a decrease in traction and ignition of residues. Experts advise cleaning the chimney at the beginning and end of the season. One of the most effective methods of prevention is considered to be a "glass" when the entire lower part of the structure is dismantled, after which it is cleaned.
Self-installation of the device is clearly more economical in financial terms, but it requires strict adherence to all necessary norms and rules. If you are not sure about this, it is better to contact professionals. The average price of arranging one meter of sandwich chimney is about 1.7 thousand rubles. The cost varies, depending on the installation method, the number of storeys of the building and additional inclusions. In any case, when installing the structure in question with your own hands, treat the process with all responsibility. After all, you and loved ones will live in the house, whose safety is above all.